Transcript Memory Lecture powerpoint

W. W. Norton
Petersen, L.R., and Petersen, M.R., Short-term retention of individual verbal items, Journal of Experimental
Psychology 58 (1959): 193–198. Copyright © 1959 by the American Psychological Association. Adapted
with permission.
W. W. Norton
Dr. Brenda Milner
Patient H.M.
Amnesia
• Retrograde Amnesia
impairment of
memory for events
before the injury
• Anterograde Amnesia
impairment of
memory for events
after injury; that is, an
impairment in learning
Memory Systems in the Brain
Memory Systems in the Brain
Memory Systems in the Brain
Memory Systems in the Brain
Patient H.M.
“Right now I'm wondering, Have I done
or said anything amiss? You see, at
this moment everything looks unclear
to me, but what happened just before?
That's what worries me. It's like waking
from a dream; I just don't remember.”
“Every day is alone in itself, whatever
enjoyment I've had, and whatever
sorrow I've had.”
-- H.M.
• Working/Short-term Memory
– Can carry on a normal conversation
– Normal memory span
• Intelligence and Language Normal
– Note that some of these rely on spared
retrograde memory (vocabulary, math rules, etc)
• Skill Learning
– “motor, perceptual, or cognitive operations or
procedures that are typically acquired through an
incremental and slow process of repetition.
– Mirror reading
– Rotary Pursuit
– Artificial Grammar Learning
– Perceptual Classification
– Tower of Hanoi (not reliable!)
Memory Systems in the Brain
Memory Systems in the Brain
Memory Systems in the Brain
Medial temporal lobe amnesia
• Inability to form new explicit memories
(anterograde amnesia)
• Good IQ, good implicit learning
• Loss of memories from before injury
(retrograde amnesia)
Medial temporal (contains hippocampus) lesions and DNMS
performance (working memory)
Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System
Visual Cortex
hippocampus
Ventral
Stream
Entorhinal
cortex
Inferotemporal
Cortex
Perirhinal
cortex
Parahippocampal
cortex
SRT Results
before
Shi et al, Science 284: 1811 (11 Jun 1999)
after
Hippocampal
Dysfunction or
lesion