Transcript Parts of a Cell

Parts of a Cell
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Plant & Animal Cell
Similarities
Both have a cell membrane
surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria
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Differences
Animal cells
Plant cells
Relatively
smaller in size
Relatively
larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present
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Differences
Animal cells
Plant cells
Small vacuole or no
vacuole
Large central
vacuole
Nucleus at the
center
Nucleus near cell
wall
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Organelles
•The organs
of the cell.
Each organelle
has a specific
job to do.
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Cytoplasm
Jelly-like
substance
that
contains
organelles.
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•Control
Center
Nucleus
• Controls the
normal activities of
the cell
• Contains
chromosomes
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Nucleolus
• Cell may have 1
to 3 nucleoli
• Inside nucleus
• Disappears when
cell divides
• Makes ribosomes
that make
proteins
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Cell Membrane
Controls
movement
into and out
of the cell.
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Plant Cell Organelles
•Cell wall
• Protect and
support the
enclosed
substances
• Resist entry of
excess water into
the cell
• Give shape and
support to the cell
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Large Vacuole
• Large holding
tank
• Stores the
cell’s water
supply
• Gives the plant
structure and
support.
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Chloroplast
• Contain the
green pigment
chlorophyll
• Traps sunlight to
make sugars
(food)
• Process called
photosynthesis
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Different kinds of plant
cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Guard Cells
root hair
Root Hair Cell
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Quick Review
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Control Center?
Nucleus
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Controls movement into
and out of the cell?
Cell
Membrane
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Jelly-like substance
that contains
organelles?
Cytoplasm
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Provides structure and
protection for plants?
Cell wall
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vacuole
cytoplasm
nucleus
Animal Cell
No cell wall
or
chloroplasts
mitochondrion
cell
membrane
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Centriole
• Near the nucleus
• Paired structures
• Helps the cell divide
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
•The cell’s
transportation
system.
•Moves protein
around the
cell.
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Ribosome
• Build proteins
for the cell.
• Can be
attached to
the ER or
floating in
the
cytoplasm.
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Mitochondria
• The powerhouse of the cell.
• Provides the cell with the
energy it needs.
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Golgi Bodies
• Shipping and
receiving station.
• Receives &
packages proteins
made by ER
• Transport vesicles
with packaged
proteins pinch off
the ends.
Transport
vesicle
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Vesicle
• Forms when
part of the
membrane
pinches off
the ER or
the Golgi
complex.
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Lysosome
• The cell’s
digestive
system
• Breaks down
food and
worn out
cell parts
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Types of Animal Cells
white blood cell
Amoeba
red blood cell
muscle cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
Paramecium
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Compound Microscope
• Instrument for
observing small
objects
• Magnify images
up to 2000X
their size
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Different parts of
a microscope
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Revolving
nosepiece
Eyepiece
Clip
Body tube
Coarse
adjustment
Fine adjustment
Condenser
Arm
Iris diaphragm
Stage
Objective
Mirror
Condenser
control knob
Base
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The cell is the Basic Unit
of Life
• Cell is the smallest unit of living organisms
• Unicellular organisms are made of one cell
only
• The cells of multicellular organisms are
specialized to perform different functions
– e.g. mesophyll cells for photosynthesis
and root hair cells for water absorption
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Levels of organization
• Cells are
grouped
together and
work as a
whole to
perform special
functions
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Tissue
• A group of similar cells to
perform a particular function
– Animals : epithelial tissue,
muscular tissue
– Plants : vascular tissue,
mesophyll
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Organ
• Different tissues group together
to carry out specialized functions
– Heart : consists of muscles,
nervous tissue and blood
vessels
– Leaf : consists of epidermis,
mesophyll and vascular tissue
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The Structures of a Leaf
(Plant Organ)
Chloroplast
Palisade
Mesophyll Cell
Spongy Mesophyll
Cell
Air Space
Stoma
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The Structures of a Heart
(Animal Organ)
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System
• Several organs and tissues work together
to carry out a particular set of functions in a
co-ordinated way
– Human : digestive, respiratory, excretory,
circulatory and reproductive systems
– Plant : root and shoot systems
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Human Body Systems
Examples of systems :
 Digestive System
 Respiratory System
 Circulatory System
 Nervous System
 Reproductive System
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Examples of a Human Body System
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Examples of a Human Body System
The Respiratory System
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Examples of a Human Body System
Circulatory System
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Examples of a Human Body System
Nervous System
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Levels of Organization
CELLS
(muscle cells,nerve cells)
TISSUES (muscle, epithelium)
ORGANS (heart, lungs,
stomach)
SYSTEMS (circulatory system)
ORGANISM (human)
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It’s You!
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