Transcript SixthEdPartII

Part II: Artificial Intelligence as
Representation and Search
1. Automatic Computers
2. How Can a Computer be Programmed to Use a
Language?
3. Neuron Nets
4. Theory of the Size of a Calculation
5. Self Improvement (Machine Learning)
6. Abstractions
7. Randomness and Creativity
George F Luger
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 6th edition
Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009
A proposal for the Dartmouth summer research project on Artificial
Intelligence (url IIa).
We propose that a 2 month, 10 man [sic] study of artificial intelligence be
carried out during the summer of 1956 at Dartmouth College in Hanover,
New Hampshire. The study is to proceed on the basis of the conjecture that
every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle
be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it. An
attempt will be made to find how to make machines use language, form
abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for
humans, and improve themselves. We think that a significant advance can be
made in one or more of these problems if a carefully selected group of
scientists work on it together for a summer.
J. McCARTHY,
M.L. MINSKY,
N. ROCHESTER,
C.E.SHANNON,
Dartmouth College
Harvard University
I.B.M Corporation
Bell Telephone Laboratories
August 31, 1955
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009
Main topics for discussion at the AI conference, Dartmouth College 1956
(url IIa).
1.
Automatic Computers
2.
How Can a Computer be Programmed to Use a Language
3.
Neuron Nets
4.
Theory of the Size of a Calculation
5.
Self-Improvement (Machine Learning)
6.
Abstractions
7.
Randomness and Creativity
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009
Fig II.1 Different representations of the real number π.
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009
Fig II.2 Digitized image of chromosomes in metaphase.
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009
Logical Clauses describing some important properties and relationships of fig
II.3
General rule
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009
Fig II.3 A blocks world.
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009
Logical predicates representing a simple description of a bluebird.
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009
Fig II.4 Semantic network description of a bluebird.
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009
Fig II.5 Portion of the state space for tic-tac-toe.
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009
Fig II.7 State space description of the automotive diagnosis problem.
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 6th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2009