Transcript Chihwei Hsu - Cal State L.A.

Presentation for CS490
Other Topics
By: Chihwei Hsu
Date: Nov 17, 2003
Class: CS490
Modeling and Simulation
• ModelingThe use of mathematics to describe a situation
or a physical object. Mathematical formulas can
be used to manipulate data, to develop
business plans and projections, or to evaluate
the impact of proposed changes on a
company's operations and financial status.
• Simulation-
Using a model to perform a process.
Steps in Simulation
Information Retrieval
• Information retrieval systems are used to store and
query textual data such as documents. They use a
simpler data model than database systems.
• Those queries attempt to locate documents. For
example put the keyword on search engine. The query
that a user has in mind usually cannot be stated
precisely. Only offers best match.
Artificial Intelligence
Definition
Artificial Intelligence is a branch
of Science which deals with
helping machines find solutions to
complex problems in a more
human-like fashion. This
generally involves borrowing
characteristics from human
intelligence, and applying them as
algorithms in a computer friendly
way
Artificial Intelligence (cont.)
Technology
Over the past five decades, AI research has
mostly been focusing on solving specific
problems. Numerous solutions have been
devised and improved so efficient and reliable.
This explains why the field of Artificial
Intelligence is split into many branches, ranging
from Pattern Recognition to Artificial Life,
including Evolutionary Computation and Planning.
Artificial Intelligence (cont.)
Languages used in AI
• LISP
• PROLOG
Computer Graphics
• OpenGL is the industry’s most widely used,
supported and best documented 2D/3D graphics
API making it inexpensive & easy to obtain
information on implementing OpenGL in
hardware and software.
• OpenGL is a cross-platform standard, and its
library can be used on all windows, MacOS,
Linux and Unix systems.
Databases
• A database is a structured collection of data.
Data can refer to the characteristics of people,
things, and events.
• Database System versus File System
Database (advantage)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Compactness of the data
Speed of operations
Less drudgery
Currency
Data can be shared
Integrity can be maintained
Security can be applied
Databases (Cont.)
File (Disadvantage)
• Data redundancy
• Difficulty in accessing data
• Data isolation – Because data may be located in
different files, and may be difficult to retrieve
from files.
• Integrity problems
• Security problems
Databases (Cont.)
Data Models
 Entity-Relationship
 Relational
Model
Model
The entity-relationship (E-R) data model is a
widely used data model, and it provides a
convenient graphical representation to view data,
relationships and constraints.
A relational database is organized as a set of
formally-described tables from which data can
be accessed or reassembled in many different
ways without having to reorganize the database
tables.
Databases (Cont.)
Example
Entity-Relationship Model ( E-R Model )
MNAME
ESSN
DNAME
SALARY
ASSIGNED
-TO
Employee
PHONE
DEPTS
LOCATION
ENAME
MANAGES
MGRS
MSSN
Example
Databases (Cont.)
Relational Model Database
Employee :
ENAME
DEPTS:
DNAME
LOCATION
MNAME
MSSN
ESSN
DNAME
DNAME
MSSN
MGRS:
ASSIGNED-TO:
MANAGES:
SALARY
PHONE
ESSN
VLSI
VLSI – Very Large Scale Integration
• Refers to those high density electronic
integrated circuits.
• How to build circuits on silicon ship?
http://vlsi.wpi.edu/webcourse/toc.html
Logic Programming
• Declarative :
the program specifies a computation by giving
the properties of a correct answer. Prolog and
LDL are examples of declarative languages;
since they emphasize the logical properties of
a computation, they are often called logic
programming languages.
Logic Programming (cont.)
PROLOG - Logic Programming Language
Sample Prolog
/* Fact */
male(jimmy).
male(jack).
/* Rule */
father(jimmy,jack).
ancestor(jimmy,jack) :- father(jimmy,jack).
Which one is correct?
Jimmy is Jack’s father
Jack is Jimmy’s father
References
• http://www.engr.wisc.edu/centers/chpra/msecip
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_abstract.html
http://vlsi.wpi.edu/webcourse/toc.html
Tarik Booker from Spring CS490
CS442 notes
Silberschatz, Abraham. Database System
Concepts (4th Edition)
Luger, George F. Artificial Intelligence (4th Edition)
Ending
Any Question!