Transcript An Introduction to Information Systems

An Introduction to Information
Systems
Chapter 1
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers;
Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• The value of information is directly linked to how
it helps decision makers achieve the
organization’s goals.
– Distinguish data from information and describe the
characteristics used to evaluate the quality of data.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers;
Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Models, computers, and information systems are
constantly making it possible for organizations to
improve the way they conduct business.
– Name the components of an information system and
describe several system characteristics.
– Identify four basic types of models and explain how
they are used.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers;
Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Knowing the potential impact of information
systems and having the ability to put this
knowledge to work can result in a successful
personal career, organizations that reach their
goals, and a society with a higher quality of life.
– Identify the basic types of business information
systems and discuss who uses them, how they are
used, and what kinds of benefits they deliver.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers;
Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• System users, business managers, and
information systems professionals must work
together to build a successful information
system.
– Identify the major steps of the systems development
process and state the goal of each.
– Discuss why it is important to study and understand
information systems.
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Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Information Concepts
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Information System
A set of interrelated components that collect,
manipulate, and disseminate data and
information, and provide feedback to meet an
objective
• Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems,
course reservation systems
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers;
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Data vs. Information
• Data: raw facts
• Information: collection of facts organized in
such a way that they have value beyond the
facts themselves
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Types of Data
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Data vs. Information
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The Characteristics of Valuable
Information
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The Characteristics of Valuable
Information
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Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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The Characteristics of Valuable
Information
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System and Modeling
Concepts
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System
A set of elements or components that interact to
accomplish goals
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Input
Processing mechanism
Feedback
Output
System boundary
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers;
Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Components of a System
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Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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System and Modeling Concepts
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Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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System Performance and Standards
• Efficiency: output/input
• Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its
goals
• Performance standard: specific objective of a
system
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System Variables and Parameters
• System variable - item controlled by decisionmaker
• System parameter - value that cannot be
controlled
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Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Systems Classification
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System Performance and Standards
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Modeling a System
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Modeling a System
• A model is an abstraction that is used to
represent reality
– 4 major types of models
• A narrative model is based on words
– Logical, not physical
• A physical model is tangible
• A schematic model is a graphic representation
– Graphs and charts
• A mathematical model is an arithmetic
representation
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What Is An Information
System?
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Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Components of an Information
System
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Computer-Based
Information Systems (CBIS)
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Components of a CBIS
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Telecommunications, Networks, and
the Internet
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Telecommunications, Networks, and
the Internet
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Business Information
Systems
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Business Information Systems
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Electronic Commerce
Transaction Processing Systems
Management Information Systems
Decision Support Systems
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E-Commerce
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Business-to-business
Business-to-consumer
Business-to-government
Government-to-consumer
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Electronic Commerce
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Transaction Processing Systems
A transaction processing system (TPS) is an organized
collection of people, procedures, software, databases,
and devices used to record completed business
transactions.
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Process business exchanges
Maintain records about the exchanges
Handle routine, yet critical, tasks
Perform simple calculations
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Payroll Transaction Processing
System
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
• Integrated programs that can manage a
company’s entire set of business operations
• Often coordinate planning, inventory control,
production, and ordering
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Management Information Systems (MIS)
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Routine information for routine decisions
Operational efficiency
Use transaction data as main input
Databases integrate MIS in different functional
areas
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Management Information Systems (MIS)
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MIS Outputs
• Scheduled reports
• Demand reports
• Exception reports
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Decision Support Systems (DSS)
• DSS- A decision support system is an organized
collection of people, procedures, software,
databases, and devices used to support
problem-specific decision making.
– Interactive support for non-routine decisions or
problems
– End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than
an MIS
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Essential DSS Elements
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Special-Purpose Business Information
Systems
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems
Virtual Reality Systems
Expert Systems
Other Special-Purpose Business Information
Systems
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The Major Elements of Artificial
Intelligence
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Virtual Reality
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Data Glove
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Systems Development
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Why Learn About Information
Systems?
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Advance in your career
Solve problems
Realize opportunities
Meet your career goals
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Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Computer and Information System
Literacy
• Computer literacy - knowledge of computer
systems and equipment
• Information system literacy - knowledge of
how data and information are used
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Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Information Systems in Functional
Areas of Business
• Finance and Accounting
• Sales and Marketing
• Manufacturing
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Information Systems in Industry
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Investment firms
Banks
Publishing companies
Healthcare organizations
Management consulting firms
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Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Summary
• Data - raw facts
• Information - data transformed into a
meaningful form
• System - set of elements that interact to
accomplish a goal
• Systems development - creating or modifying
existing business systems
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Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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