Transcript Chapter05
Organizing Data and Information Chapter 5 MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 1 Principles and Learning Objectives • The database approach to data management provides significant advantages over the traditional file-based approach. – Define general data management concepts and terms, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the database approach to data management. – Name three database models and outline their basic features, advantages, and disadvantages. MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 2 Principles and Learning Objectives • A well-designed and well-managed database is an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making. – Identify the common functions performed by all database management systems and identify three popular end-user database management systems. MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 3 Principles and Learning Objectives • The number and types of database applications will continue to evolve and yield real business benefits – Identify and briefly discuss current database applications. MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 4 The Hierarchy of Data MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 5 Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 6 The Traditional versus the Database Approach to Data Management MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 7 The Traditional Approach MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 8 Traditional Approach • Data redundancy • Program-data dependence • Data integrity MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 9 Database Approach MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 10 Advantages of the Database Approach MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 11 Advantages of the Database Approach MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 12 Disadvantages of the Database Approach MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 13 Data Modeling & Database Models MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 14 Data Modeling and Database Models • Content - What data should be collected? • Access - What data should be given to what users? • Logical structure - How will the data be organized to make sense to a particular user? • Physical organization - Where will the data actually be located? MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 15 Data Modeling • • • • Enterprise data modeling Planned data redundancy Data model Entity-relationship diagrams MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 16 Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 17 Data Models • Hierarchical models • Network models • Relational models MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 18 Hierarchical (Tree) Models MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 19 Network Models MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 20 Relational Models MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 21 Relational Models MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 22 Data Cleanup MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 23 Database Management Systems (DBMSs) • • • • • Provide a user view Create and modify the database Store and retrieve data Manipulate data Produce reports MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 24 Creating and Modifying the Database MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 25 Data Definition Language MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 26 Creating and Modifying the Database MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 27 Data Dictionary Benefits • • • • Reduced data redundancy Faster program development Easier data & information modification Increased data reliability MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 28 Storing and Retrieving Data MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 29 Structured Query Language MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 30 Database Output MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 31 Popular Database Management Systems MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 32 Selecting a DBMS • • • • • • • Database size Number of concurrent users Performance Integration Features Vendor Cost MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 33 Database Management Systems MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 34 Data Warehouses MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 35 Comparison of OLTP and Data Warehousing MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 36 Database Developments • Data warehouses • Data marts • Data mining MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 37 Data Mining MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 38 Distributed Databases MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 39 On-Line Analytical Processing MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 40 Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 41 Object-Relational Database Management Systems • Stores objects • Hypermedia • Spatial data technology MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 42 Summary • Data - one of the most valuable resources a firm possesses • Entity - a generalized class of objects for which data is collected, stored, and maintained • DBMS - a group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs • Traditional on-line transaction processing (OLTP) do not support the types of data analysis needed today MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 43