Transcript 2. Uses and Limitations - Computing Science

Uses and Limitations
Fall 2013
COMP3710 Artificial Intelligence
Computing Science
Thompson Rivers University
Course Outline
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Part I – Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
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A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence
Uses and Limitations
Part II – Classical Artificial Intelligence
Part III – Machine Learning
Part IV – Advanced Topics
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Learning Outcomes
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Develope an argument against strong AI.
Explain why AI has become a vital area of study.
Explain how AI is used in the world today.
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Reference
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Chapter 2. Uses and Limitations
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Unit Outline
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The Chinese Room
HAL – Fantasy or Reality?
AI in the 21st Century
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The Chinese Room
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Philosophical objections to strong AI
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A thought experiment used to argue against strong AI.
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What do you think?
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The Chinese Room
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Philosophical objections to strong AI
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A thought experiment used to argue against strong AI.
John Searle’s Chinese Room argument
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Imagine a native English speaker who knows no Chinese locked in a room
full of boxes of Chinese symbols (a data base) together with a book of
instructions for manipulating the symbols (the program). Imagine that
people outside the room send in other Chinese symbols which, unknown
to the person in the room, are questions in Chinese (the input). And
imagine that by following the instructions in the program the man in the
room is able to pass out Chinese symbols which are correct answers to the
questions (the output). The program enables the person in the room to pass
the Turing Test for understanding Chinese but he does not understand a
word of Chinese.
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The Chinese Room
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John Searle’s Chinese Room argument
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The Chinese Room
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John Searle’s Chinese Room argument
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Running a computer program that behaves in an intelligent way does not
necessarily produce understanding, consciousness, or real intelligence.
This argument clearly contrasts with Turing’s view that a computer
system that could fool a human into thinking it was human too would
actually be intelligent.
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What do you think?
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One response claims that although the human in the room does not
understand Chinese, the room itself does. In other words, the
combination of the room, the human, the cards with Chinese characters,
and the instructions form a system that in some sense is capable of
understanding Chinese stories.
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HAL – Fantasy or Reality?
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2001: A Space Odyssey written by Arthur C. Clarke
HAL (Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer) 9000
behaves, speaks and interacts with humans in much the same way that
a human would.
HAL – the computer in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.
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Plays chess with humans (and wins).
Reads people’s lips.
Engages in conversation with humans.
How about contemporary AI systems?
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Contemporary computers can play chess, and beat most players.
Reading lips is still very hard to automate.
The conversational skills of the best systems today are very weak.
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AI in the 21st Century
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AI is everywhere.
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Fuzzy logic is used in elevators, washing machines and cars.
Intelligent agents are used in many software applications.
Robots explore other worlds, and toy robots play with children (and some
adults).
Expert systems diagnose diseases and recommend remedies.
Computer games and computer animations use AI.
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