Transcript Cell Structure & Function

Today’s Data Here
• Objective Here!
Brainteaser
• What is put on a table and cut, but never
eaten?
Bell Work
• Prokaryotes lack
A.
B.
C.
D.
cytoplasm.
a nucleus.
a cell membrane.
genetic material.
Let’s Review
• What is a prokaryotic cell?
• Who was the first person to coin the term
cells?
• What does the cell theory say?
• Who developed the cell theory?
Cell Structure
& Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
No nucleus
Nucleus
Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Animal
Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Parts
Organelles
Nucleus
• Is made of 4 parts:
1. Chromatin
2. Nucleolus
3. Nuclear Envelope
4. Nuclear Pore
Chromatin
• A network of strands
that undergoes
coiling into rod-like
structures called
chromosomes, just
before the cell
divides.
Nucleolus
• Where the Ribosomal
RNA (rRNA) is
produced and where
tRNA joins with
proteins to form
subunits of ribosome's
Nuclear Envelope and Pores
• Nuclear Envelope
Separates the
nucleus from the
cytoplasm
• Nuclear Pores
permits the
passage of proteins
into and out of the
nucleus
Responsibility of the Nucleus
Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function:
1.
Holds the DNA
2.
3.
Directs cell activities
Separated from cytoplasm by
nuclear membrane
4.
Contains genetic material - DNA
Ribosomes
• Function:
• makes proteins
• Each cell contains
thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ribosomes
& floating throughout
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nickname: “Roads”
Function: The internal delivery system of the cell
Smooth ER
No ribosome's
Makes fats and lipids
Rough ER
Have Ribosome's
Makes proteins
Golgi Apparatus/Bodies
Nickname: The shippers
Appearance: stack of pancakes
Function:
• Protein 'packaging
plant'
• Move materials within
the cell
• Move materials out of
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome
Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Appearance: circular, but bigger than ribosomes
Function:
• to break down food into particles
the rest of the cell can use and to
destroy old cells
• Transports undigested material to
cell membrane for removal
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Peroxisomes
• Are abundant in
cells that
metabolize lipids;
in liver and yeast
cells they detoxify
alcohol.
Centriole
• Found in animal
cells only
• Involved in the
organization of the
mitotic spindle and
in the completion
of cytokinesis
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal
• Contains water
solution
• Help plants maintain
shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria
Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function:
Energy formation
Breaks down food to make ATP
ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities
that require energy
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoskeleton
• Provides the cell's cytoplasm with structure
and shape. There are 3 kinds:
• Filaments
• Microfilaments
• microtubules
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
Cell Membrane
• Controls movement of
materials in and out of
the cell
• Double layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Now let’s talk about structures
only found in PLANT Cells!!
Vacuoles
Function: stores water
This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant
wilts
Chloroplasts
Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell.
Green in color because of chlorophyll,
which is a green pigment
Cell Walls
• provides the cell
with structural
support, protection,
and acts as a
filtering mechanism.
Put your skills to the test!
• http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm
• http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/drag_gr11/organell.htm
A biology student observed the cells
shown below under a microscope.
These cells most likely came from
A. an animal.
B. an archaebacterium.
C. a fungus.
D. a plant.