Transcript Hvordan skrive en effektiv kravspesifikasjon

Intelligent Agent Systems
Artificial Intelligence
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Systems that think like humans
Systems that think rationally
Systems that act like humans
Systems that act rationally
What Is Intelligence?
• Knows the Envrionment (B)
• Knows What you can do and How you can
do that (D)
• Able to choose the best action (knows Why
you choose that) (I)
Informatic
Handles Information
• Store Data
Centralized / Decentralized
• Transfer Data
Internet / Computer Network
Communication Protocols
• Analyzing & Filtering Data
Software Agents
Turing Testing for Intelligence
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Natural Language Processing
Knowledge Representation
Automated Reasoning
Machine Learning
Computer Vision
Robotics
AI Directions
Directions
• Expert Systems
• Neurosciences
• Neural Networks
• Machine Learning
• Fuzzy Logic
• Intelligent Agents
• The Semantic Web
Computing
• Machine Languages: Assembler, Z, etc.
• Procedural Approach: Basic, Pascal, Cobol,
Fortran, C, etc.
• Logical Language: Lisp
• Object-Oriented Programming: C++, Java
• Genetic Algorithm & Evolutionary
Programming
• Agent-Oriented Computing?
Software Development
Software Engineering meets Challenges
• Size
• Complexity
• Heterogeneity
• Control
• Change
• Semantic
The Foundations of Agents
• Micro Level Issues
• Macro Level Issues
• Technologies
Agent Definitions
• No Concensus Definition
• An Agent is a computional entity which
- acts on behalf of a person or other entities
in an automous fashion
- performs its action with some level of
proactivity and/or reactiveness
- exhibits some level of the key attributes of
learning, cooperation and mobility
Agent Charcteristics
Intrinsic
• Lifespan: Transient to Long-lived
• Level of Cognition:
Reactive to Deliberative
• Construction: Declarative to Procedural
• Mobility: Stationary to Itinerant
• Adaptibility:
Fixed to Teachable to Autodidactic
• Modeling: Of environment themselves, or other agents
Agent Characteristics
Extrinsic
• Locality: Local to Remote
• Social autonomy: Independent to Controlled
• Sociability: Autistic, Aware, Responsibility, Team
Player
• Friendliness: Cooperative to Competitive to
Antagonistic
• Interaction: Logistics, Style, Semantic Level
MultiAgent Systems
• To solve problems that are too large for a
centralized single agent to do due to
resource limitations.
• To provide solutions to inherently
distributed problems.
• To provide solutions which draw from
distributed information sources
Mobile Agents
• A mobile agent is a software entity which exits in
a software environment and has ability to transport
itself from one system in a network to another.
• A mobile agent system consists of:
- An agent model
- A life-cycle model
- A computational model
- A security model
- A commutational model
- A navigation model
Agent Applications
• Industry
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Factory Process Control
Particle Acceleration Control
Electicity Distribution Management
Automatic Supply Chain Management
• Economy
– Automatic Auction Systems
– Business Process Management
– Agent-based Computational Finance
Agent Applications
• E-Commerce
– Online Trading System
– Agent-based Stock market System
– A Virtual market place
• Agents on The Internet / The Semantic Web
– Information Gathering
– Automatic Annotation
– Global Information Management
Agent Applications
• Real-Time Control
– Air Traffic Control
– Urban Traffic Control
– Decentralized Train Scheduling
• Health Care
– Automatic Patient Scheduling