Transcript Slime molds do not have cells as a basic unit. They have an

Cell Theory
&
The Scientists Involved
Robert Hooke
Cork oak (Quercus suber)
Anton Van Leeuwenhock
• Date: 1600’s
• Theory: saw living organisms in pond
water never seen before (animalcules).
• Occupation: invented the simple
microscope (single lens)
Cell Theory
• Cells are the structural units of all living
things.
(Cells carry on their own life functions)
• New cells can only arise from other cells by
the process of cell division
• Viruses are not made up of
cells.
• Also viruses do not carry
out there own life functions.
• Where did the first cells
come from?
• Mitochondria and
chloroplasts contain their
own DNA.
• Slime molds are
multinucleated.
I’m the
Herpes
Virus
We’re
Influenza
Viruses!
• Slime molds do not
have cells as a basic
unit. They have an
unorganized
cytoplasm and many
nuclei, they also do
not have a distinct
cell shape
Organelle
• A specialized structure
in the cytoplasm of a
cell that carries out a
specific function.
Nucleus
• Located in the center
of a cell, the nucleus is
a large, dense,
membrane-enclosed
body that controls the
cell’s metabolism and
reproduction.
Nucleolus
• Site of RNA
(ribonucleic acid)
production
• A dense, granular
body found in the
nucleus
Cell membranes are
semi-permeable.
This means that the
cell membrane only
allows certain
substances to pass
through it.
(Phospholipid
bilayer)
Large structure comprised of smaller subunits.
According to the Fluid Mosaic Model the cell membrane
Is a two layered structure composed of lipids and proteins.
And is what we currently believe the cell membrane is composed
of.
A hairlike organelle
on the surface of a cell
with the capacity for
movement
Green arrows point to Cilia
Flagella
• Involved in cell
movement
• Only a few on the cell
surface
• Whip-like tail
• 9 microtubule doublets
arranged in pairs
• 2 microtubules in
center
Phagocytosis
• The process in which
large particles or small
organisms are ingested
into a cell.
Pinocytosis
The process in which
liquids or very small
particles are taken into a
cell.
The substance is in
contact with the surface
of the cell membrane, the
membrane pinches and
forms a pouch.
Cytoplasm
• A watery material
located between the
cell membrane and the
nucleus.
• Holds the organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• A system of fluid
filled canals or
channels enclosed by
membranes
• Serve as a path of
transport throughout
the cell
• Rough endoplasmic
reticulum are lined by
ribosomes.
Ribosome
• An organelle that is
the site of protein
synthesis in a cell.
• They are produced by
the nucleolus.
Golgi Body
• Serve as packaging
and storing centers for
the secretory products
of the cell
Lysosome
• Small, saclike
structures surrounded
by a single membrane
• Involved in the
digestion of food
within the food
vacuoles of the cell
• Found in white blood
cells, in multicellular
organisms
Mitochondrion
The powerhouse of the
cell.
An oval, membrane
enclosed organelle, in
which most of the
reactions of cellular
respiration occur.
Mitochondrion
Microfilament
A solid, thread-like
organelle that can
function as a
supporting structure or
aid in cell movement.
Act as “cross-bracing”
in the cell.
Microtubules
• A long, cylindrical
organelle found in
cilia and flagella
• Are also involved in
the movement of the
chromosomes during
cell division
• Composed of a protein
called tubulin
Vacuole
• A fluid-filled organelle
enclosed by a
membrane.
• Stores waste and food.
• Occupies most of the
space in the
cytoplasm.
Specialized vacuoles include…
Contractile Vacuole
• Extra water in the cell
collects here and is
expelled from the
vacuole directly into
the environment
• Works kind of like a
water pump
Centrioles –found only
in animal
cells, these
organelles
aid in cell division.
In addition to the organelles
previously mentioned, plants
also have additional
organelles-
Contain a cell wall
Have chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
• A membrane-enclosed
organelle found in the
cells of some protists
and almost all plants.
• They capture the sun’s
energy and convert it
into chemical energy
during the process of
photosynthesis.
Similarities
–
Plant and Animal Cells Both
Have:
A proper nucleus
Cytoplasm
A cell membrane
Chromosomes
Mitochondria
Animals
 Do not contain a cell wall
Do not contain chloroplasts
Have small vacuoles
Generally have spherical shape.
Contain centrioles