Transcript Unit 3 Chapter 7 A View of the Cell

Create this T-chart in your notebook. Left hand page (58)
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Observe the two types of cells. List 3 similarities
and 3 differences on your notes page.
Cell City Tour
You are going to go on a cell city
tour. On the left side of your
notebook (under your t-chart) you
will list the organelles you find on
the tour and give a possible
function of the organelle from the
clues on the tour (or prior
knowledge).
Unit 3
Chapter 7
A View of the Cell
Cytology: the study of cells
Histologist: studies cells
Organization
 Atom
 Molecule
 Organelles
 Cell
 Tissue
 Organs
 Systems
 Organisms
Cell Theory
 1) All organisms are composed of one or
more cells
 2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and
functions of living things
 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells
To be a cell…
 Plasma membrane: cell membrane, made
of 2 layers of phospholipids
 Cytoplasm: carbohydrate and water
based solution that suspends all internal
parts of the cell
 Ribosomes: produces proteins
 DNA: genetic material made of nucleic
acids
Two types of cells
 Prokaryote: bacteria, archaebacteria
 Eukaryote: protist, fungus, plant, animal
Prokaryotic cell
 No nucleus
 No organelles
 Small
 Simple
 Plasma membrane,
ribosome, cytoplasm,
DNA
 Typically unicellular
 Ex. Archaebacteria
Eukaryote
 Complex
 4 basic components +
organelles
 Organelles: small
compartments that
carry out specialized
functions within a cell
 Multicellular organisms
 Many variations
Plasma Membrane
 A flexible boundary between the cell and its
environment maintains a balance of nutrients,
etc
 Selective permeability
 A process in which a membrane allows some
molecules to pass through while keeping
others out
Structure of the Plasma membrane
 Phospholipids
 A double layer that creates water-soluble
outsides surrounding water insoluble
insides
 Transport Proteins
 Span the entire membrane to regulate
which molecules enter and which leave
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Major Organelles
 Nucleus – both plant and animal
 Chloroplast - plants
 Mitochondria – plant and animal
 Centrioles - animal
 **Don’t forget the importance of the plasma
membrane!
Organelles are membrane bound structures
with particular (specialized) functions within
eukaryote cells.
Nucleus  cell control
 Chromatin
 Strands of genetic material
(DNA) that contains the
directions for making
proteins. Forms
chromosomes
 Nucleolus, Nuclear Pores,
and Nuclear Envelope
 A prominent body within
the nucleus, which makes
the ribosomes
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 Chloroplasts
 Containing the
green pigment,
chlorophyll, these
oval bodies capture
light energy and turn
it into chemical
energy
(photosynthesis)
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 Mitochondria
 Rod-shaped
organelle with many
inner folds, which
breaks down sugar
to release its stored
energy for cell use
(cell respiration)
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 Centrioles
 Pairs of
microtubules that
play an important
role in cell division
Plant and Animal Cell Similarities
 Cell membrane that surrounds the





cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleus that houses DNA
Ribosomes for protein production
Mitochondria that breaks down food
and creates energy for the cell.
Vacuoles for storage of food, water,
and waste. Although plants have
one large vacuoles compared to
animals many small vacuoles.
Differences in Plant and Animal Cells
 Plants contain a cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane and






provides shape and support.
Plants contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis
Plant cells have a brick-like shape where as animal cells are
more cylindrical.
Plants use chloroplasts to store energy in sugar; animal cells
use mitochondria to release energy stored in food. Plants
contain a cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane and
provides shape and support.
Plants contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis
Plant cells have a brick-like shape where as animal cells are
more cylindrical.
Plants use chloroplasts to store energy in sugar; animal cells
use mitochondria to release energy stored in food.
Endosymbiotic Theory
Scientific explanation:
 Origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts
 Endosymbiotic bacteria – bacteria that live within other cells
and perform specific functions for host cells
 Endosymbiotic Theory – suggests critical stage in evolution
of eukaryotic cells involved endosymbiotic relationships with
prokaryotes
 Energy-producing bacteria reside in larger bacteria,
eventually evolving into mitochondria
 Photosynthetic bacteria live within larger bacteria,
leading to evolution of chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Support for endosymbiotic theory
 Presence of numerous symbiotic relationships
 Present-day mitochondria, chloroplasts, and centrioles contain
their own DNA
 Similar to DNA of bacteria in size and character
Let’s Practice!
 Foldable
1. Draw, label, compare & contrast prokaryote
and eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal)
2. Compare & contrast plant and animal cells
3. Draw & discuss the purpose & function of
the following organelles
1.
2.
3.
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
chloroplast
ribosome
cell membrane
Cell wall
nucleolus
Vacuole
4. Draw and explain the endosymbiotic theory.