Transcript Intro to Cells

INTRODUCTION TO CELLS
Life is cellular
Robert Hooke
naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect....
(July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703)
In 1665 he is the first
person to use the term
“cells” after looking at
cork under a simple
microscope.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1632-1723
In 1673 he perfects
the simple
microscope and is
the first to observe
living cells and
microorganisms.
.
Cell Theory
Matthias
Schleiden
concluded that all
plants are made of
cells (1838)
Theodore
Schwann
concluded that all
animals are made
of cells (1839)
Rudolf Virchow
concluded that all
cells came from
pre-existing cells
(1855)
Cell Theory
• all living things are made up of cells
• cells are the basic units of structure and function in
an organism
• new cells are produced from existing cells
The Levels of Organization
Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to
complex according to their level of cellular grouping.
cell
tissue
organ
organ
system
organism
Cell differentiation
Cells in
organisms are
specialized to
perform different
tasks.
Cells are basic
units of structure
and function of
living things.
Cell Types
PROKARYOTE
EUKARYOTE
 No nucleus
 No membrane-bound
organelles
 Small ribosomes
 Most cells are 1 -10
μm in size
 Evolved 3.5 billion
years ago
 Found only in
Archaebacteria and
Eubacteria Kingdoms
 Has nucleus
 Many organelles
 Larger ribosomes
 Cells can be between
2 - 1,000 μm in size
 Evolved 1.5 billion
years ago
 Includes Protista,
Fungi, Plantae and
Animalia Kingdoms
Cell Type: Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria,
are the simplest cellular organisms. They
have genetic material but no nucleus.
Typical bacteria cell
Shapes of bacteria
Cell Types: Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells
contain a membranebound nucleus and
numerous membrane
-enclosed organelles
(e.g., mitochondria,
lysosomes, Golgi
apparatus) not found
in prokaryotes.
Which Cell?
Prokaryotic
no nucleus
Eukaryotic
nonucleus
nucleus
nucleus
small ribosomes larger
ribosomes larger ribosomes
small ribosomes
no organelles
noorganelles
organelles
small
small
very small 1-10 μm very
organelles
small 2-1000μm
only in bacteria protists, fungi,
protists, fungi,
only in bacteria
plants, animals
plants, animals
What Are the Parts of Cells
Both prokaryotic
and eukaryotic
cells have some
things in common.
nuclear
cell membrane
ribosomes
cytoplasm
material
All cells have
¤ cell membrane
¤ cytoplasm
¤ ribosomes
¤ Genetic material
cytoplasm:
nucleus:
chloroplast:
vacuole:
ribosomes:
mitochondria:
cell
membrane:
wall:
sac-like
controls
outer
semi-liquid
manufacture
capture
convert
layer
most
in
material
cell
energy
structure
proteins
chemical
regulates
plant
processes,
cells,
from
that
energy
that
what
support
sunlight
fills
stores
enters
contains
stored
theand
cell
hereditary
water,
in
and
protection
food
convert
leaves
salts,
intoinformation
the
ATP
it
foods,
into
cell,
(cellular
etc
(DNA)
chemical
respiration
protection
energy
and
occurs
support
(food),
here)
(photosynthesis occurs
here)
Parts of Plant Cells
cytoplasm
Endoplasmic
reticulum
nucleus
chloroplast
central vacuole
golgi body
ribosomes
mitochondria
cell membrane
(p. 175)
cell wall
Parts of Animal Cells
cell membrane
mitochondria
ribosome
Golgi apparatus
nucleus
cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
lysosome:
Golgi
apparatus:
digests
Endoplasmic
reticulum:
modifies,
biomolecules
into
and
site wheresorts
lipid
packages
smaller
molecules
proteins
and
components
of thethat
cell
other
can
bematerials
usedare
by from
the rest
the
membrane
endoplasmic
of
the cell; also
reticulum
involved
assembled,
along
with
for
in
breaking
storage
in
down
the cell or
proteins
and
other
secretion
organelles
outside
thatare
have
the
materials that
cell
outlived
exportedtheir
fromusefulness
the cell
Comparison
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
Lysosome
Central
Vacuole
Golgi Body
Ribosome
 Animal
Cell Wall
 Plant
How small are cells?