Transcript Eukaryotes 2014-15

1.2 Eukaryotes
IB Biology HL 1
Mrs. Peters
Fall 2014
A&S 4: Eukaryote: Liver Cell Drawing
• Draw and label a liver
cell.
• Must be able to identify
the following parts:
▫ Cell Membrane
▫ Nucleus w/nuclear
envelope
▫ Rough ER
▫ Golgi Apparatus
▫ Mitochondria
▫ Lysosome
U 2.Eukaryotes
• Specific Characteristics:
▫ Contain membrane bound organelles
(internal structures with specific functions)
▫ True nucleus with DNA
▫ 80s Ribosomes
▫ Relative size ~20 µm
• Types of Eukaryotes:
▫
▫
▫
▫
Animal cells
Plant cells
Fungi cells
(we will focus on animal and plant cells only)
U2. Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
U2. Common Eukaryote Structures
• *Nucleus: controls cell
functions
▫ Largest organelle of the cell
Parts of the nucleus:
• Nuclear envelope with
nuclear pores: a double
membrane surrounding the
nucleus
micro.magnet.fsu.edu
U2. Common Eukaryote Structures
Parts of the nucleus:
• *Nucleolus: produces
ribosomes
• DNA (chromosome,
chromatin): contains the genetic
information for the cell;
combined with protein
micro.magnet.fsu.edu
U2. Common Eukaryote Structures
• Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER): series
of membranes continuous
with the nuclear envelope
U2. Common Eukaryote Structures
• Types:
▫ *Rough ER: has
ribosomes attached;
transport system for
proteins
▫ Smooth ER: no
ribosomes attached;
produces phospholipids,
lipids, breaks down toxins
U2. Common Eukaryote Structures
• *Golgi Apparatus:
collects, packages,
modifies and transports
proteins; a series of
flattened, folded
membranes
micro.magnet.fsu.edu
U2. Common Eukaryote Structures
• *Mitochondria: site of
cellular respiration;
known as the
powerhouse; kidney bean
shaped, consists of a
double membrane, inner
membrane has many
folds
micro.magnet.fsu.edu
U2. Common Eukaryote Structures
• *Ribosomes: site of
protein synthesis; can be
free or attached to RER;
known as 80S
U2. Common Eukaryote Structures
• *Plasma Membrane:
controls the movement of
material in and out of the
cell, provides a barrier
around the cell
U2. Plant Only Structures
• Chloroplast: site of
photosynthesis, consists of
a double membrane
• Central Vacuole: helps
give the cell its shape, a
sack like structure that
contains water and salts
U2. Plant Only Structures
• Cell Wall: rigid outer
boundary that provides
strength and support for
the plant; composed of
cellulose
U2. Animal Only Structures
• *Lysosomes: break
down worn out cell parts
and waste; small sacks
that contain enzymes
• Centrioles: form
microtubules used in cell
division; shaped
U2. Extracellular Components
Animal Cell:
• Extracellular matrix (ECM)
forms a supporting network
for the cell membrane and
allows adjacent cells to
attach to one another and
communicate; made of
collagen fibers and
glycoproteins
U2. Extracellular Components
Plant Cell:
• The cell wall forms the ECM; made
up of cellulose fibers and
glycoproteins; maintains cell
shape, allows cell to communicate
and bind to other cells
U 2.Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell
Structure/Feature
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Cell Wall
Present
Absent
Vacuoles
Large Central Vacuole
Small vacuoles sometimes
Chloroplast
Present
Absent
Cell membrane
(Plasma membrane)
Present, no cholesterol
Present, with
cholesterol
Centrioles
Absent
Present
Storage
Stores starch
Stores glycogen
Shape
Often squarish, very rigid
Often more round, flexible
Lysosome
Absent
Present
U1 & 2. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Structure/Feature
Prokaryote Cell
Eukaryote Cell
Nucleus
contains a nucleoid
region, no envelope
Present, surrounded by
nuclear envelope
Membrane-Bound
Organelles
Not present
Present (mitochondria,
chloroplast, ER, Golgi, etc)
DNA
Naked (no proteins), 1
circular strand, plasmid
present
Associated with
proteins, long strands, no
plasmids
Ribosomes
Relatively small, 70S
Relatively large, 80S
Cell Wall
Always present
Only in plant cells
Flagella
Sometimes
Sometimes
Microscope Practice 3
View all 4 slides at 40X, 100X, and 400X; Label each
box correctly, fill the square! Don’t forget to clean
up when finished! Turn in all microscope drawings
(1, 2 and 3) stapled together.
Slides to make:
▫ Onion: take a single layer of onion, add one drop of
iodine to the onion, NO WATER DROP
▫ Cheek Cells: use a toothpick to gently scrape the
inside of your cheek, smear the toothpick on a slide,
add one drop of Methylene blue, NO WATER DROP