Transcript make proteins - Mr. Le`s Living Environment Webpage

Unit 3: Organizations and Patterns of Life
Topic: Cell Organelles

Key Objectives

What You’ll Learn
A. the structure of cell parts to their functions.
B. The differences between plant cells and animal cells
Why do we study cells?
bodies are made up of cells
 cells do all the work of life!

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The Jobs of Cells

Cells have 3 main jobs

make energy



make proteins


need energy for all activities
need to clean up waste produced
while making energy
proteins do all the work in a cell,
so we need lots of them
make more cells


for growth
to replace damaged or diseased cells
Our organelles
do all these
jobs!
Why do cells need energy?

to fuel daily life functions such as



ATP

Growth
Repair
Reproduce
Remove waste
Organelles: tiny structures inside
the cell

Why are cell organelles are important?

each organelle/structure has a specific job to
do to keep the cell alive
They’re like
mini-organs!
Model Animal Cell
Organelle # 1
Cell membrane

phosphate
“head”
Functions


separates cell from outside
controls what enters or leaves cell
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O2, CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste
recognizes signals from other cells

allows communication between cells
lipid “tail”
Organelle # 2
cytoplasm
Function
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
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recognizes
signals
Organelle # 3
Vacuoles
 Functions
Storage site
 Storing mostly
cellular wastes

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cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole
storage site
Mostly cellular waste
products
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
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Organelle # 4
Lysosomes
 Functions



digest food
digest broken or
damaged
organelles
Digest foreign
particles(bacteria)
lysosomes
digesting broken
organelles
small food
particle
vacuole
digesting food
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cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole
storage site
Mostly cellular waste
products
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
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lysosome
food digestion
digest
damaged/broken
organelles
Organelle # 5
Mitochondria
 Function

make ATP energy from cellular respiration
 sugar + O2  ATP
 fuels the work of life
in both animal &
plant cells
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ATP
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole
storage site
Mostly cellular waste
products
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
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lysosome
food digestion
digest
damaged/broken
organelles
Organelle # 6
Ribosome
 Making proteins

What are proteins used for by cells?
 muscle fibers, hair, skin, claws
 enzymes (speed up chemical reactions)
 signals (hormones) & receptors
The ribosomes look
like tiny dots inside
the cell.
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Why are proteins so important?
Answer: Proteins do all the work!
one of the major job of cells is to make proteins,
because…
proteins do all the work!
structural
enzymes
signals
receptors
DNA
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proteins
cells
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole
storage site
Mostly cellular waste
products
lysosome
food digestion
digest
damaged/broken
organelles
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
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Ribosome
•Make proteins
Organelle # 7
Nucleus
 Function
control center of cell
 Control everything going on inside the
cell
 protects DNA

 instructions for building proteins
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cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole
storage site
Mostly cellular waste
products
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
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lysosome
food digestion
digest
damaged/broken
organelles
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
Ribosome
•Make proteins
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole
storage site
Mostly cellular waste
products
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
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lysosome
food digestion
digest
damaged/broken
organelles
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ribosomes
build proteins
Organelle # 8
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Functions
Transporting materials
within the cell
 works on proteins

 helps complete the
proteins after ribosome
builds them
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cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
lysosome
food digestion
digest
damaged/broken
organelles
ribosomes
builds proteins
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
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nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ER
transport materials
makes membranes
Organelle # 9
Golgi Apparatus
 Functions
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finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins
 Put the final touch on the proteins
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ships proteins in vesicles
 “UPS trucks”
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vesicles
carrying proteins
transport vesicles
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole
transport inside cells
storage
lysosome
food digestion
digest
damaged/broken
organelles
ribosomes
builds proteins
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
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nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ER
transport materials
makes membranes
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages
& ships proteins
How are plant cells different than
animal cells?
Plant cell
Animal cell
 Answer

Plant cells contain all the organelles that
animal cells. However, it also contains 2
extra organelles!
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Plant cells have 2 extra
Organelles that animal cells
do not have
Plant cell
cell wall
support
Make the
cell rigid
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
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nucleus
control cell
protects DNA
endoplasmic reticulum
transport materials
makes membranes
ribosomes
make proteins
cytoplasm
jelly-like material
around organelles
central vacuole
storage: food,
water or waste
Golgi apparatus
finish & ship
proteins
cell wall
support
mitochondria
make ATP in
cellular respiration
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
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chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
lysosome
digestion & clean up
Check for Understanding
 Go to www.MrLeLivingEnvironment.weebly.com
 Click on Video Archives and watch the Cell Song

clip
Use it to help you complete the next part of this
assignment
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Check for Understanding
Regents based questions
 Go to www. Castlelearning.com
 Log on and complete the Cell Organelles
assignment (8 questions)
Regents Biology