Transcript Chapters 4 and 5 Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

Cell Structures,
Functions and
Transport
Cell
 The basic unit that
makes up living
things
 All living things are
made of at least one
cell. From tiny
bacteria to the
largest whale is
made of cells
 Cells are much too
small to be seen with
out a microscope
Robert Hooke
 English scientist
studied a piece of a
cork under a
microscope.
 He observed that the
cork was divided into
many boxed shaped
structures
 Hooke called these
sections cells
Anton Leeuwenhoek
 Became the first
person to observe
living cells
 Built a simple
microscope that used
only one lens.
 Microscope was
called a flea glass
 Flea glasses were
popular and
expensive. They also
worked very well.
Cell Theory
 By using new and improved microscopes,
scientist were able to observe cells in more
detail
 Scientist studied plant and animals cells and
concluded that they are all made of cells.
 The theory states
 All living things are made of one or more cells
 The smallest unit of a living organism is a cell
 Cells come from other cells
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell Text pg. A9
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Cell
Plant Cell- Text pg. A8
Let’s Take A Look At
Common Cell Structures
 Plants and Animals Cells Both Have the
Following Cell Structures.
Plant and Animal Cells
 Has many organelles that perform
specific functions in a cell…
 1. Nucleus- directs the activities of the
cell, stores DNA which determines an
organism’ traits. Known as the “Power
House of the Cell”
The yellow structure is
the nucleus.
Plant Cell and Animal
Cells
 2. Cell Membrane- a thin flexible
covering that surrounds all types of
cells. Allows food, water, and gases to
enter the cell and wastes to leave
Plant and Animal Cells
 3. Cytoplasm- located between the
nucleus and the cell membrane. It is a
thick, jelly like fluid. All of the other
organelles are located within the
cytoplasm
Plant and Animal Cells
 4. Ribosome- Scattered throughout the
cell; function is to assemble proteins;
Allow cell to perform nearly all chemical
reactions
Plant and Animal Cells
 5.Mitochondria- Known as “Power Plants”
of the cell sugars break apart as they
react with oxygen; The process releases
carbon dioxide, water, and a lot of
energy.
Plant and Animal Cells
 6.Golgi Apparatus- Receives proteins
and prepares the proteins for shipment
outside of the cell.
Plant and Animal Cells
 7.Lysosomes- Very small organelles that
help the cells to break down nutrients
and old cell parts. They are very common
in all animal cells. Some plant cells have
lysosomes.
Plant and Animal Cells
 8. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): system
of membranes and tubes
 A cell has two kinds of ER; smooth and
rough
 Smooth ER breaks down toxic
substances and controls the levels of
chemicals
 Rough ER secrete a lot of proteins
 Now let’s talk about structures only found
in PLANT Cells!!
Only Plant Cells
 Cell Wall- A rigid outer layer that
surrounds the cell membrane. The cell
wall protects the cell and helps the plant
stand upright.
Only Plant Cells
 Chloroplasts- Aid in a plant cell to make
it’s own food. The pigment chlorophyll
gives plants their green color.
Chloroplasts
Traps energy from the sun to produce food
for the plant cell
Plant Cell- Tex pg. A8
Plant Cells Have A Large
Vacuole
 6. Vacuoles- Membrane sacs that are
filled with fluid. They store water, waste,
and other substances the cell processes.
Plant cells have very large vacuole
Vacuole
The main function of the Vacuole is to store
water. That is why lettuce is crisp!
Let’s Review
 Draw a chart. Compare and Contrast
Plant and Animal cells.
Compare and Contrast
Animal Cells
 Cell Membrane
 Nucleus
 Lysosomes
 Ribosome
 Golgi Apparatus
 Mitochondria
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
Plant Cells
 Have all of the other cell
structures that animals
cells have , Plus they
have
 1. Cell Wall
 2. A Large Vacuole
 3. Chloroplasts
 4. Contain Chlorophyll