Transcript cells - Y11-Biology-SG

• A cell is living cell is a complex, multi-functional unit. Even the
simplest of cells performs many different tasks and functions.
Eukaryotes (Animal)
Prokaryotes(Bacteria)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA
PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
No nucleus
Nucleus
Multiplication of cell is by fission or
budding. (ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION)
Cell division by mitosis or
meiosis.(ASUXUAL OR SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION)
DNA is a single loop
DNA is organized into chromosomes
Most prokaryotes are made up of just
a single cell
May be multicellular or single-celled
organisms
Two groups: the Bacteria and the
Archaea.
Many groups: animals, plants, fungi,
and protists.
No cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Asexual reproduction
Sexual and asexual reproduction
Both have a cell membrane, contain ribosomes, have DNA and cytoplasm.
PROKARYOTIC CELL
EUKARYOTIC CELL
Cell Membrane
Yes
Yes
Cell Wall
Yes
No
Centrioles
No
Yes
Chromosones
One long DNA strand(?)
Many
Cilia or Flagella
Yes, simple
Yes, Complex
Endoplasmic Reticulum
No
Yes (some exceptions)
Golgi Complex
No
Yes
Mitochondria
No
Yes
Nucleus
No
Yes
Peroxisomes
No
Common
Ribosomes
Yes
Yes
Cytoplasm
Yes
Yes
Chloroplasts
no
yes
Vacuoles
No
Yes
• Cell Wall - Outer covering of most cells that protects the bacterial cell and gives
it shape.
• Cell Membrane - Surrounds the cell's cytoplasm and regulates the flow of
substances in and out of the cell.
• Capsule - Protects the cell when it is engulfed by other organisms, assists in
retaining moisture, and helps the cell adhere to surfaces and nutrients.
• Cytoplasm - A gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains
enzymes, cell components, and some organic molecules.
• Pili - They attach to other bacterial cells. Shorter pili (fimbriae)
help bacteria attach to surfaces.
• Flagella - Long, whip-like protrusion that aids in cellular
locomotion
• Ribosomes - Cell structures responsible for protein production.
• Plasmids - Gene carrying, circular DNA structures that are not
involved in reproduction.
• Nucleiod Region - Area of the cytoplasm that contains the single
bacterial DNA molecule.
Collenchyma Cells
(PLANT)
Muscle cell (ANIMAL)
Sclerenchyma Cells
(PLANT)
• Nucleus - It contains the cell's (DNA) information and controls the cell's
growth and reproduction. The most prominent organelle in the cell.
• Mitochondria - It converts energy into forms that are usable by the cell.
They are the sites of cellular respiration and are also involved in other cell
processes such as cell division and growth, as well as cell death.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum - extensive network of membranes
which interconnects with the plasma membrane and the nuclear
envelope, It helps to compartmentalize the cell and it serves as
routes for the transport of materials.
• Golgi complex - They process materials manufactured by the cell and then
package those products into small structures called "Golgi vesicles."
• Golgi vesicles come in two general types: micro bodies and secretory
vesicles.
• Micro bodies are fated to remain in the
cell because they contain materials
which the cell needs, but must remain
away from the cell's other contents.
• Secretory vesicle contains materials to
be exported (secreted) from the cell.
These materials are not waste products—
they are chemicals manufactured by the
cell for export (like hormones)
• Ribosomes - these organelles consist of RNA and proteins and
are responsible for protein production. They are found
suspended in the cytosol or bound to the endoplasmic
reticulum.
• Lysosomes - These sacs of enzymes recycle the cell's organic
material by digesting cellular macromolecules, such as nucleic
acids, fats, and proteins.
• Peroxisomes - Like lysosomes, they are bound by a membrane
and contain enzymes. They help to detoxify alcohol, form bile
acid, and break down fats.
• Vacuole - These fluid-filled,
enclosed structures are found
most commonly in plant cells
and fungi. They are responsible
for nutrient storage,
detoxification, and waste
exportation.
• Chloroplast - This chlorophyll containing plastid is found in plant cells, but
not animal cells. They absorb the sun's light energy for photosynthesis.
• Centrioles - These cylindrical structures are found in animal cells, but not
plant cells. They help to organize the assembly of microtubules during cell
division.
• Cilia and Flagella - The function is the same than in prokaryotic cells, only
that they are more complex. They are formed from specialized groupings
of microtubules called basal bodies.
• Rap song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yu21ShnKhHk
• Articles: http://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/centernews/2015/03/study-reveals-how-nuclei-maintain-shape.html
• Links:
• http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/cellstructure.htm
• http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/a/eukaryprokarycell
s.htm
• http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/cell
• http://biology.tutorvista.com/cell.html
• http://thecellorganelles.weebly.com/ribosomes-lysosomesmitochondria--golgi-apparatus.html