Transcript Function
Cell Structures, Functions and Transport Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Cell Membrane Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus 1. Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: 1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes Located Inside the Nucleus Chromatin Function: Material in cells that contains DNA and carries genetic information and direct functions of a cell. Thin strands inside the nucleus. When the cell get ready to divide it makes Chromosomes Function: Carries genetic information that control inherited characteristics such as eye color and blood type. DNA is always in the form of chromosomes. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Ribosomes 2. Nickname: “Protein factories” Function: Produce proteins Proteins are passed to the interior of the endoplasmic reticulum. From there they will be transported to the Golgi bodies. Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 3. Nickname: “Passageway” Function: Passageway that carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: 1. Rough ER: 2. Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Golgi Complex 4. Nickname: mailroom Function: receives, packages, and distributes proteins and other materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) 5. Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: to break down large food particles into smaller ones. Also, breaks down old cell parts and release substances to reuse. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Mitochondria 6. Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions. Muscle cells have large numbers of mitochondria. Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 7. Cell Membrane Nickname: “Gatekeeper” Function: forms outside boundary of animal cell and allows materials to move in and out of the cell Selectively permeable – allows some substances to move through and some cannot. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!! Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Plant Cell Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 8. Vacuoles Nickname: Storage Tank Function: stores water, food, waste products, and other materials. Central vacuole in plants Not all animals have vacuoles. If they do they are small and more than one. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 9. Chloroplasts Function: captures energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment Chloroplasts Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 10. Cell Wall Function: rigid layer of non-living material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. Provides support and protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Plant Animal