Transcript Notes - Cellular Organelles

EUKARYOTIC* CELL STRUCTURE
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Interactive Cell
Quick Review
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We have already talked about Cell Theory and two types of cells.
What are the 3 key points of the Cell Theory?
All living things are made of cells
 Cells are the basic unit of structure of living things
 Cells come from other cells
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What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic
 Eukaryotic
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What is the main difference between these two cell types?
Prokaryotic – No nucleus
 Eukaryotic - Nucleus
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Eukaryotic
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Examples
 Plant Cells
 Animal Cells
Membrane bound nucleus
Cytoplasm
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Cytoplasm
 Fluid part of the cell between the nucleus and cell membrane
 Contains structures called organelles “Little Organs”
Nucleus
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Nucleus
 Contains the cell’s DNA (also called Chromatin)
 DNA codes instructions for making proteins and other molecules
Nucleus (continued)
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Surrounded by a double lipid layer. Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)
Nuclear Envelope has pores/openings to allow material to move
into and out of the nucleus
Nucleolus
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Small region inside nucleus that produces ribosomes
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
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Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Homeostasis
Provides protection and support
Made of a double-layered sheet called Lipid Bilayer (Lipids)
Mitochondria
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Changes energy stored in food into energy the cell can use (ATP).
 Cellular
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Respiration
“Power Plant” of the cell
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Mitochondrion Under a Microscope
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
Ribosomes
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Synthesize (build) proteins
Connect Amino acids into chains
Found throughout the cytoplasm (tiny dots)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Where lipids and proteins are built
Two types of ER
 Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
ER (continued)
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
 Ribosomes
on its surface
 Synthesize proteins
ER (continued)
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
 No
ribosomes
 Synthesis of membrane lipids
Golgi Apparatus
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It packages materials from ER for storage or release from the cell
It is found next to the ER
NUCLEUS
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi
Apparatus
Vacuoles
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Store material (water, salts, food)
Plants have a single, large vacuole
The control of water content within a cell is an example maintaining
homeostasis
Lysosomes
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Filled with enzymes
Digestion (breakdown) of items
 Lipids,
Carbohydrates, Proteins
 Organelles that are not useful anymore
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Removes “junk” that a cell does not need
Cytoskeleton
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Proteins that help the cell to maintain its shape.
Involved in movement
Chloroplast***
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Found in plant cells
Capture energy from the sunlight and convert it into
chemical (food) energy. Photosynthesis
Cell Wall ***
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Found in Plants
Lies outside the cell membrane
Provides support and protection for the cell
In plants, cell walls are made up of Cellulose
(Carbohydrate)
Movement
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Cilia
 Short
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hair like structure covering the cell
Flagella
 Longer
wipe like (tail)
Cilia & Flagella Movement
Videos and Interactive Models
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Interactive Cell Model
Crash Course - Animal Cell
Inside the Cell