Transcript Cell Organelles and Functions

Cell Organelles and
Functions
CELL’S ANATOMY
ANIMAL VS. PLANT
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin
/cells/insideacell/
Outside the Cell - Cell Wall
Made of cellulose
 Freely permeable to
water and most
solutes
 Only in Plant cells
 Maintains cell turgidity
 Provide mechanical
support
 Protect from
mechanical damage
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Extensions of the cell –
Cilia / Flagella
Used for
movement
 Cilia are tiny hairlike projections
 Flagella are long
tail-like projection
 Arrangement of
microtubules
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Holding it all together - Cell
 Phospholipid bilayer
Membrane
containing proteins,
cholesterol and
carbohydrates
 Separates cell
contents from the
environment;
regulates movement
of substances into
and out of the cell
The Fluid within - Cytoplasm
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Fluid that
encompasses the
inside of the cell’s
membrane and
outside the nucleus
Site of many chemical
reactions
Give cell its structure
Where the organelles
are located
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
(eukaryote) - Nucleus
Membrane Bound
spherical structure
 Control centre of
the cell
 contains the
genetic material
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In the Nucleus-(eukaryote)
Chromatin/Chromosomes
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Threadlike Deoxyribonucleic
Acid (DNA) and associated
proteins
Genetic Material
Also goes by the name
chromosomes, sister
chromatids at various stages
of cell life
In the Nucleus (cont’d)
Nucleolus
Dense, spherical
structure;
composed of
DNA, RNA and
protein
 Site of ribosome
synthesis
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Around the Nucleus –
Nuclear Membrane
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Phospholipid - protein
bilayer; contains
pores
Controls what enters
and leaves the
nucleus
Organelles in the Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Membrane
bound channels
running
throughout the
cell
 Network of
channels
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*Rough ER
Ribosomes
attached to outside
 Involved in protein
synthesis and
transportation of
molecules
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*Smooth ER
Ribosomes NOT
attached to outside
 Synthesis of lipids
and transportation
of molecules in the
cell
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus/bodies
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Flattened, membrane
bound, fluid filled
disks, with associated
vesicles surrounding
the disks
Involved in the
packaging of proteins,
lipids and
carbohydrates
Organelles in the Cytoplasm Ribosomes
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Small spherical
bodies free floating in
the cytoplasm or
attached to ER
Composed of
ribosomal RNA and
protein
Site of protein
synthesis
Organelles in the Cytoplasm Lysosome
 Membrane bound
spherical sacs,
containing enzymes
 pH of approx. 5
 Site of digestion and
storage of digestive
enzymes
 Can destroy harmful
invaders to the cells
Organelles in the Cytoplasm Vacuole
Membrane bound,
fluid-filled sacs
 Storage of food or
water
 In plants, involved
in turgor pressure
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm  Paired cylindrical
Centriole
structures,
composed of protein
 Found only in Animal
Cells
 Assist in cell
reproduction by
producing spindle
fibres (a type of
microfilament)
 Assists in the
formation of cilia and
flagella
Organelles in the Cytoplasm –
Chloroplasts (next unit)
Used for absorption
of light
 Only in plants
 Site of
photosynthesis
 A series of chemical
reactions resulting in
the production of
glucose and ATP
from sunlight and
other raw materials
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Mitochondria (next unit)
Membrane bound, bean
shaped
 mostly protein, but also
contain lipids, DNA and
RNA
 Mitochondrial DNA is
passed down from the
mother only
 Site of Aerobic
Metabolism
 Releases energy from
food in the form of ATP
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