Transcript Cell Organelles

Plant Growth
AKA “Cells”
The Cell Membrane
• The cell membrane or (plasma membrane) is a
flexible boundary between the cell and its
environment
– It is the outermost structure making the outline of
the cell
The Cell Membrane
• The cell membrane allows certain things in,
such as water and nutrients, and other things
out
• This ability of the cell membrane to allow
certain things in or out is referred to as
selective permeability
Cell Organelles
The Nuts and Bolts of a Cell
Centrioles
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Nuclear
Membrane
Cell Membrane
Ribosome
Lysosome
Golgi
Apparatus
Vacuole
Cell Organelles
• Like many organisms have organs within them
that have specific functions, cells have
organelles
• Organelles are membrane-bound structures
within a eukaryotic cell that have specific
functions
The Cell Membrane
• The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is a
selectively permeable layer on the outside of
the cell, which contains all of the organelles
within.
Cell Wall
• A cell wall is a fairly rigid structure located
outside the plasma membrane of plants,
fungi, most bacteria, and some protists which
provides support and protection
• The cell wall allows the cell to become quite
turgid without bursting
Mitochondria
• A eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle that
transforms energy stored in food molecules is
called mitochondria
– Mitochondria have highly folded membranes that
produce energy-storing molecules
• Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell
Golgi Apparatus
• The Golgi apparatus is an organelle in
eukaryotic cells with a system of flattened
tubular membranes
• It sorts and packages proteins and sends them
to their appropriate destinations
Lysosome
• A lysosome contains digestive enzymes and is
responsible for digesting excess or worn out
organelles, food particles, and engulfed
viruses or bacteria
Vacuole
• A vacuole is a membrane-bound space in the
cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary
storage of materials
– The vacuole in a plant is very large
Centrioles
• In animal cells, a pair of small cylindrical
structures composed of microtubules called
centrioles duplicate during interphase and
move to opposite ends of the cell during
prophase
Chromatin
• Long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic
cell nucleus is known as chromatin and
condenses to form chromosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle in
eukaryotic cells with a series of highly folded
membranes surrounded in cytoplasm
• It is the site of cellular chemical reactions
– Can be rough “ER” with ribosomes attached or
smooth ER without ribosomes
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound
organelles in the nucleus where proteins are
assembled
Cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm is the clear, gelatinous fluid in cells
that is the site of numerous chemical
reactions
– In eukaryotes, it suspends the organelles
Nucleus
• The nucleus is the central membrane-bound
organelle that manages cellular functions and
contains DNA
• The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear
membrane which can dissolve or allow
structures out to the cytoplasm
Nucleolus
• The nucleolus is found in the nucleus and
produces ribosomes
Review
• To link to an Internet site on parts of the cell
click here!