Transcript cell - HensonsBiologyPage

Biology
Study of life
Properties of Life
Living organisms:
– composed of cells
– complex and ordered
– respond to environment
– can grow and reproduce
– obtain and use energy
– maintain internal balance
– allow for evolutionary adaptation
Levels of Organization
Cellular Organization
cells
organelles
molecules
atoms
The cell is the
basic unit of life.
Levels of Organization
Organismal Level
organism
organ systems
organs
tissues
Ch 3. 1 Cells
Early Scientists
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
First compound light
microscope
Robert Hooke
Coined the term “cell”
Matthias Schlieden
All plants are made of
cells
Theodor Schwann
All animals are made of
cells
Rudolf Virchow
Cells can only arise
from pre-existing cells
Cell Theory
1. The cell is the basic unit of
Life.
2. All living organisms are
made up of cells.
3. All cells arise from preexisting cells.
Cell Size
Cells are small
Need small surface area in order to get
enough nutrients
What are the three parts to the cell theory?
Who was the first to coin the term “Cell”
Who were the three main scientist involved
in the development of the cell theory?
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic- bacteria
Eukaryotic- US
Prokaryote cells are smaller and
simpler
Commonly known as bacteria
Single-celled(unicellular) or
Filamentous (strings of single
cells)
These are
prokaryote
E. coli bacteria
on the head of
a steel pin.
Prokaryote cells simply built
(example: E. coli)
capsule: slimy outer
coating
cell wall: tougher middle
layer
cell membrane: delicate
inner skin
cytoplasm: inner liquid filling
DNA in one big loop
pilli: for sticking to things
flagella: for swimming
ribosomes: for building
proteins
Prokaryote lifestyle
unicellular: alone
colony: forms a
film
filamentous:
forms a chain of
cells
Prokaryote Feeding
Photosynthetic: sunlight
Decomposers: dead things
Disease-causing: living things
Eukaryotes are bigger and more
complicated
Have organelles
Have chromosomes
can be multicellular
include animal and plant cells
Cell Organelles
© J Beauchemin 2006
Cell Organelles
Organelle= “little
organ”
only inside
eukaryotic cells
Cell Membrane
Boundary of cell
Made of phospholipid bilayer
Nucleus
Control center of cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by double
membrane
Usually easiest
organelle to see under
a microscope
Usually one per cell
Cytoskeleton
Acts as skeleton and
muscle
Provides shape and
structure
Helps move
organelles around cell
Made of three types of
filaments
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
A.k.a. “ER”
Connected to nuclear
membrane
Highway of cell
Rough ER: studded
with ribosomes;
makes proteins
Smooth ER: no
ribosomes; makes
lipids
Ribosome
Site of protein
synthesis
Found attached to
rough ER or floating
free in cytosol
Produced in a part of
nucleus called
nucleolus
That looks familiar…what is a
polypeptide?
Golgi Apparatus
Looks like a stack of
plates
Stores, modifies and
packages proteins
Molecules transported
to and from Golgi by
means of vesicles
Lysosomes
Garbage disposal
of cell
Contain digestive
enzymes that
break down
wastes
Which organelles do
lysosomes work with?
Mitochondria
“Powerhouse of the
cell”
Cellular respiration
occurs here to release
energy for cell to use
Bound by a double
membrane
Has its own strand of
DNA
Chloroplast
Only in plant cells
Contains the green
pigment chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose)
production
Bound by a double
membrane
Light +CO2 + H2O -->
Carbohydrate
(glucose) + O
Cell Wall
Found in plant and
bacterial cells
Rigid, protective
barrier
Located outside of the
cell membrane
Made of cellulose
(fiber)
Vacuoles
Large central vacuole
usually in plant cells
Many smaller
vacuoles in animal
cells
Storage container for
water, food, enzymes,
wastes, pigments, etc.
What type of microscope may have
been used to take this picture?
Centriole
Aids in cell division
Usually found only in
animal cells
Made of microtubules
Where else have we talked
about microtubules?
Quick Review
Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
What does E.R. stand for?
Homework
Pg 65 Studying Concepts

3,5, 6 & 8 Restate