Transcript Bacteria Powerpoint

Most numerous organisms on Earth
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BACTERIA:
•Most numerous organisms on Earth
•1st forms of life on Earth
•All are prokaryotic
•General Traits of all prokaryotes:
•Lack a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles.
•Unicellular (separate or in a colony)
•Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
•Are microscopic
•300 side by side = printed period
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Bacteri is found EVERYWHERE…
Air
On and in
our body
fFood
Soil
On all objects
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Deep
Ocean
430,000 year
old bacteria
found in a
fresh water
lake in
Antarctica
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Some bacteria are:
1. Aerobic
-requires oxygen
2. Anaerobic
-lives in the absence of oxygen
Example:
-Clostridium botulinum
-Causes botulism / food
poison
-found improperly
canned foods, meat and
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Cell wall:
-made up of
Peptidoglygcan
(protein/carb combo)
Cell wall
-protects and gives shape
to cell.
-antibiotics inhibit bacteria
from forming cell walls so
future bacteria can be
destroyed by your immune
system
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Cell membrane:
Cell membrane
-regulates what
goes into and out of
the cell
-contains enzymes
that aid in all cellular
reactions
Cell Wall
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Cell membrane
Capsule
Cell Wall
Outer covering that
is sticky. Allows
bacteria to adhere
to surfaces and
prevents WBC’s
from engulfing
them.
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Capsule
Cytoplasm:
-liquid
solution which
suspends DNA
and ribosomes
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Ribosomes:
Capsule -uses DNA’s
instructions to
make all proteins
Ribosomes
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
DNA:
-genetic material
-1 loop of DNA
Capsule
-known as the
nucleoid
DNA
Ribosomes
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Plasmid
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
DNA
Plasmid:
-found in some
bacteria
-small loops of
Capsule
DNA
-code for extra
but not
essential traits.
Ribosomes
Ex/ antibiotic
resistence
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Sex pili:
Plasmid
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
DNA
-short proteins
which bacteria
Capsule use to pick up
plasmids from
environment or
from another
bacteria cell
Ribosomes
Sex pili
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Plasmid
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Capsule
Cell Wall
Flagella:
-1 or more long
whip like tails used
for movement.
DNA
Ribosomes
Sex pili
Flagella
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Movement
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Classifying Prokaryotes
E. coli, a Typical Eubacterium
Ribosomes
Capsule
Cell
Membrane
Cell wall
Flagellum
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DNA
Pili
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Endospores
Form when a bacterium
produces a thick internal wall that
encloses its DNA and some of its
cytoplasm during unfavorable growth conditions.
Spores can remain dormant for months or
years.
Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh
conditions. (extreme heat, lack of moisture, etc…)
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Ideal Reproductive/Growth
Conditions
-moisture
-warmth
Food and moisture
Warm and darkness
-food source
Ideal warm, dark and moist
The human
-darkness
environment with plenty of food? body
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Bacteria can be:
1. Heterotrophic
-uses other organisms as a food
source.
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2. Saprophytic:
-live off dead matter
-bacteria is the #1 decomposer
3. Autotrophic:
-makes their own food through
photosynthesis.
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Reproduction
Takes
about 20
min. in
bacteria.
Binary Fission
Bacteria copies its DNA and
divides in half, producing two
identical daughter cells.
Form of asexual reproduction
Binary fission
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Conjugation
During conjugation, a
hollow bridge made up of
the sex pili forms between
two bacterial cells, and
genes move from one cell to
the other.
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Transformation:
When bacteria use their sex pili to
pick up DNA from their environment.
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The GOOD……..
Oil eating bacteria
To make food
To make
medicines
Sewage
treatment
#1
decomposer
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The BAD………..
Makes us
sick/causes
illnesses
STD’s: Gonorrhea, Syphilis
Chlamydia, Botulism, Lymes
Disease, Pinkeye,
Tuberculosis, Pneumonia
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Can they be stopped?
Dehydration
Refrigeration
Freezing
Heat: canning, cooking, sterilization
Antibiotics
Antiseptics
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You go to the doctors with a sore
throat……………..now what happens????
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The doctor has to classify
the bacteria to know how to
treat it.
1. The doctor cultures/grows
the bacteria.
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Identifying Prokaryotes
2. The doctor determines
the shape of the bacteria.
Rod-shaped
prokaryotes are called
bacilli.
Bacilli
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Identifying Prokaryotes
Spherical prokaryotes are called cocci.
Cocci
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Identifying Prokaryotes
Spiral and corkscrew-shaped
prokaryotes are called spirilla.
Spirilla
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Strept mean grows in a long chain.
3.
The
doctor
determines
the
colony
formation:
Staph means grows in a cluster
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Can you identify these bacteria?
Steptococcus
Staphococcus
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4. The doctor stains the bacteria.
Two different types of cell walls are
found in Eubacteria. A method called
gram staining tells them apart.
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Gram-positive bacteria have thick cell
walls with large amounts of peptidoglycan.
-stains purple
-produces exotoxins
-released during life of bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria have thinner cell
walls inside an outer lipid layer.
-stains pink
-produces endotoxins
-released after bacteria dies
Each type treated with different antibiotics
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