Transcript Bacteria 2014

Prokaryotic Cells:
Includes ONLY
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Most numerous organisms on Earth
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BACTERIA:
•Most numerous organisms on Earth
•1st forms of life on Earth
•All are prokaryotic
•General Traits of all prokaryotes:
•Lack a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles.
•Unicellular (separate or in a colony)
•Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
(make own food)
(obtain food from others)
•Are microscopic
“.”
•300 side by side = printed period
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Bacteria is found EVERYWHERE…
Air
On and in
our body
fFood
Soil
On all objects
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Deep
Ocean
430,000 year
old bacteria
found in a
fresh water
lake in
Antarctica
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Cell wall:
-made up of
proteins and carbs
Cell wall
-protects and gives shape
to cell.
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Cell membrane:
Cell membrane
-regulates what
goes into and out of
the cell
Cell Wall
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Cell membrane
Capsule
Cell Wall
Outer covering that
is sticky.
Allows bacteria to
adhere to surfaces
and prevents
WBC’s from
engulfing them.
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Capsule
Cytoplasm:
-liquid
solution which
suspends the
DNA and
ribosomes.
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Capsule
Ribosomes:
Ribosomes
-uses DNA’s
instructions to
make all proteins
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Capsule
DNA:
-genetic material
-1 loop of DNA
DNA
Ribosomes
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Sex pili:
-short proteins
which bacteria
use to pick up
DNA from the
environment or
from another
bacteria cell
DNA
Sex pili
Flagella
Flagella:
-1 or more whip
like structure or
movement
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Flagella: for movement.
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Examples of how sex pili are used:
Conjugation
During conjugation,
a hollow bridge made up
of the sex pili forms
between two bacterial
cells, and segments of
DNA move from one cell
to the other.
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Transformation:
When bacteria use their sex pili to pick up
DNA from their environment.
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Classifying Prokaryotes
E. coli, a Typical Eubacterium
Ribosomes
Capsule
Cell
Membrane
Cell wall
Flagellum
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DNA
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Ideal Reproductive/Growth
Conditions
-moisture
-warmth
Food and moisture
Warm and darkness
-food source
Ideal warm, dark and moist
The human
-darkness
environment with plenty of food? body
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Part A of Bacteria lab
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Endospores
A hard, protective case that forms around the
DNA of the bacteria cell during unfavorable
growth conditions.
Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh
conditions.
Spores can remain dormant for months or
years.
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Bacteria can be:
1. Heterotrophic
-uses other organisms as a food
source.
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2. Saprophytic:
-live off dead matter
-bacteria is the #1 decomposer
3. Autotrophic:
-makes their own food through
photosynthesis.
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Reproduction
Takes
about 20
min. in
bacteria.
Binary Fission
Bacteria copies its DNA and
divides in half, producing two
identical daughter cells.
Form of asexual reproduction
Binary fission
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Most people think of bacteria
of only being “bad” but
bacteria do a lot of good
too!!!
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The GOOD……..
Oil eating bacteria
To make food
To make
medicines
Sewage
treatment
#1
decomposer
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The BAD………..
Makes us
sick/causes
illnesses
STD’s: Gonorrhea, Syphilis
Chlamydia, Botulism, Lymes
Disease, Pinkeye,
Tuberculosis, Pneumonia
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Can they be stopped?
Dehydration
Refrigeration
Freezing
Heat: canning, cooking, sterilization
Antibiotics
Antiseptics
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Set up Part B of lab
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You go to the doctors with a sore
throat……………..now what happens????
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The doctor has to classify
the bacteria to know how to
treat it.
1. The doctor cultures/grows
the bacteria.
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Identifying Prokaryotes
2. The doctor determines
the shape of the bacteria.
Rod-shaped
prokaryotes are called
bacilli.
Bacilli
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Identifying Prokaryotes
Spherical prokaryotes are called cocci.
Cocci
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Identifying Prokaryotes
Spiral and corkscrew-shaped
prokaryotes are called spirilla.
Spirilla
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3. The doctor determines its “colony”
formation:
Strept mean grows in a
long chain.
Staph means grows in a cluster
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Can you identify these bacteria?
Steptococcus
Staphococcus
Round and in
a straight line
Round and in
a cluster.
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Part C of the Bacteria lab
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