Transcript BACTERIA
Prokaryotic Cells: Includes only bacteria Slide 1 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Most numerous organisms on Earth Slide 2 of 40 BACTERIA: •Most numerous organisms on Earth •1st forms of life on Earth •All are prokaryotic •General Traits of all prokaryotes: •Lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. •Unicellular (separate or in a colony) •Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic •Are microscopic •300 side by side = printed period Slide 3 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Bacteri is found EVERYWHERE… Air On and in our body fFood Soil On all objects Slide 4 of 40 Deep Ocean 430,000 year old bacteria found in a fresh water lake in Antarctica Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5 of 40 Cell wall: -made up of proteins and carbs Cell wall -protects and gives shape to cell. Slide 6 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell membrane: Cell membrane -regulates what goes into and out of the cell Cell Wall Slide 7 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell membrane Capsule Cell Wall Outer covering that is sticky. Allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and prevents WBC’s from engulfing them. Slide 8 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall Capsule Cytoplasm: -liquid solution which suspends the DNA and ribosomes. Slide 9 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall Capsule Ribosomes: Ribosomes -uses DNA’s instructions to make all proteins Slide 10 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall Capsule DNA: -genetic material -1 loop of DNA DNA Ribosomes Slide 11 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall Capsule Flagella: -1 or more long whip like tails used for movement. DNA Ribosomes Flagella Slide 12 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Flagella: for movement. Slide 13 of 40 Classifying Prokaryotes E. coli, a Typical Eubacterium Ribosomes Capsule Cell Membrane Cell wall Flagellum Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall DNA Slide 14 of 40 Ideal Reproductive/Growth Conditions -moisture -warmth Food and moisture Warm and darkness -food source Ideal warm, dark and moist The human -darkness environment with plenty of food? body Slide 15 of 40 Part A of Bacteria lab Slide 16 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Endospores A hard, protective case that forms around the DNA of the bacteria cell during unfavorable growth conditions. Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions. (extreme heat, lack of moisture, etc…) Spores can remain dormant for months or years. Slide 17 of 40 Bacteria can be: 1. Heterotrophic -uses other organisms as a food source. Slide 18 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2. Saprophytic: -live off dead matter -bacteria is the #1 decomposer 3. Autotrophic: -makes their own food through photosynthesis. Slide 19 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Reproduction Takes about 20 min. in bacteria. Binary Fission Bacteria copies its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells. Form of asexual reproduction Binary fission Slide 20 of 40 Most people think of bacteria of only being “bad” but bacteria do a lot of good too!!! Slide 21 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The GOOD…….. Oil eating bacteria To make food To make medicines Sewage treatment #1 decomposer Slide 22 of 40 The BAD……….. Makes us sick/causes illnesses STD’s: Gonorrhea, Syphilis Chlamydia, Botulism, Lymes Disease, Pinkeye, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia Slide 23 of 40 Can they be stopped? Dehydration Refrigeration Freezing Heat: canning, cooking, sterilization Antibiotics Antiseptics Slide 24 of 40 Set up Part B of lab Slide 25 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall You go to the doctors with a sore throat……………..now what happens???? Slide 26 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The doctor has to classify the bacteria to know how to treat it. 1. The doctor cultures/grows the bacteria. Slide 27 of 40 Identifying Prokaryotes 2. The doctor determines the shape of the bacteria. Rod-shaped prokaryotes are called bacilli. Bacilli Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 28 of 40 Identifying Prokaryotes Spherical prokaryotes are called cocci. Cocci Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 29 of 40 Identifying Prokaryotes Spiral and corkscrew-shaped prokaryotes are called spirilla. Spirilla Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 30 of 40 3. The doctor determines its “colony” formation: Strept mean grows in a long chain. Staph means grows in a cluster Slide 31 of 40 Can you identify these bacteria? Steptococcus Staphococcus Round and in a straight line Round and in a cluster. Slide 32 of 40 Part C of the Bacteria lab Slide 33 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall