Transcript 1.1 PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS

UNIT 3
Systems
(1.1) Cell Parts
(p3-15)
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN:
• Special structures of cells which perform
important life functions.
• Technologies used to study cells.
• Similarities and differences between plant
and animal cells.
Why Study Cells?
• Studying cells helps
us understand how
organisms, like
humans, function.
• Think about it....
Do you think the cells
in the grass are the
same as the cells in
the elephants? Are all
grass cells the same?
Big Ideas
The following terms describe different levels of
organization in many-celled living things.
tissues
organs
cells
systems
Place the four terms in order, from the smallest level of
organization to the largest level of organization.
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Robert Hooke
•
•
•
•
1635 -1703
Credited with the discovery of the cell
Looked at cork cells (plant)
Thought that the “empty” spaces
were for fluid passage in plants
• He had no idea how important
this discovery was to be.
Technology of cell study
• Earlier scientists used simple light
microscopes to observe cells.
• While these microscopes did help learn
about the external structures of the cell
they revealed few details about the
structures inside cells.
• Today electron microscopes allow
scientists to see deep into a cell.
The Cell Theory
1: All living organisms are made up of cells.
2: The cell is the basic structural unit of
living organisms.
3: The cell is the basic functional unit of
living organisms.
4: All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Organelle
An organelle
- is a structure within a cell
- carries out special functions to support
the life of the cell including:
• intake of nutrients
• waste removal
• release and generation of energy for the cell
• reproduction
• production of material that the cell needs
Cell Parts & Function
• Each organelle has a specific role within a cell.
• Some cells have more of one type of organelle
and fewer of others.
• Cells exist in great variety.
- Animal cells are different than plant cells.
- In animals cells nerve cells, heart cells, skin
cells, bone cells are all different.
• However, cells consist of basically the same
structures or parts.
Animal Cell Organelles (p14)
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Plant Cell Organelles (p15)
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Cell Membrane
• Every cell has a cell membrane
• Forms a protective barrier around the cell
• Designed to allow different substances to
move in and or out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
• Organic fluid in all cells
• Composition varies
• Contains material needed by cell to
perform cell functions
Mitochondria
• (singular-mitochondrion)
• Tiny, sausage-shaped
structures
• Release energy for cell
functions
• Called the "powerhouse“
of cell
Ribosomes
• Small, dense-looking
organelles that may
be attached to rough
endoplasmic
reticulum or free
floating in the
cytoplasm.
• The site where
proteins are
assembled.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Small
interconnected
tubes that carry
material around the
cell.
• Two Types:
Rough ER and
Smooth ER
• Rough ER has
ribosomes attached.
Vacuoles and Vesicles
Vacuoles and Vesicles
- clear, fluid-filled sacs
- used for storage of water, food, minerals,
and waste
Vacuoles
- larger and less numerous in plant cells
- smaller in animal cells
Vesicles
- transport substances throughout the cell
Plant & Animal Vacuoles
Golgi Body
• (Also called Golgi Apparatus)
• Take proteins from the endoplasmic
reticulum and modify, sort, and package
them for delivery throughout the cell.
Nucleus
• A large organelle usually found near the
center of the cell
• Control center of the cell, directs all cell
activity
• Involved in cell division, contains
chromosomes containing DNA
organized into units called genes
Cytoskeleton
• Filaments and tubules
within cell
• Provide framework for
cell
• Helps cell keep its
structure
• Aids movement of
materials in and out of
cell
Cell Wall
• Only in plant cells
• Tough rigid
structure outside of
cell membrane
• Provides support
for cell
Chloroplasts
• Found only in plant cells
• Contain a green pigment called
chlorophyll used in photosynthesis
• Through photosynthesis energy from the
Sun is trapped and glucose is formed
Plant & Animal Cell Comparison
Plant Cells
• Chloroplasts
•Large central vacuole
• Fixed shape
(rectangular)
Animal Cells
• No chloroplasts
• Small, numerous
vacuoles
• Irregular shape
Tools for Cell Research
• Cells are VERY
small.
• Today
biologists use
different
microscopes
to explore cell
structure and
function.
compound light
microscope
electron
microscope
Animal Cells - Examples
blood cells
nerve cells
cheek cells
Plant Cells-Examples
elodea plant cells
onion cells
HOMEWORK
• Textbook:
p 13 LC #1-4
p 15 LC #1-3