Transcript Cells
Cells SOL Review Cell Basics • There are two types of cells: – Prokaryotic: Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles • Example: Bacterial cell – Eukaryotic: Cells that have a nucleus and have membrane-bound organelles. • Example: Plant and Animal cells Prokaryotic Cells • Are smaller and much more simple than eukaryotic cells • DNA is a circular plasmid, not surrounded by a nucleus. Eukaryotic Cells • All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, as well as other membrane-bound organelles • Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals all have eukaryotic cells. Plant Cell vs Animal Cell Plant Cell -Contain chloroplasts, and cell walls, unlike animal cells Animal Cell Eukaryotic Cell Organelles • Organelles each have a specific function that enables the cell to survive • They work together, much like organs in the body The Nucleus • Found: Plant and Animal Cells • Function: Contains the DNA (genetic material) and directs the activities of the cell • Comparison: Acts like a brain for the cell Ribosome • Found: Plant, Animal, and Bacterial cells • Function: Protein factory - makes proteins for the cell • Comparison: Acts like a factory in a town, making necessary materials Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Found: Plant and Animal Cells • Function: Acts as a transport system or roadway that allows particles to move throughout the cell • Comparison: Acts like an interstate Golgi Body/Complex • Found: Plant and Animal Cells • Function: Packages proteins and materials for transport out of the cell • Comparison: Acts like UPS, putting packages in vesicles for transport Mitochondria • Found: Plant and Animal Cells • Function: Makes energy (ATP) for the cell • Comparison: Like the power plant for the cell Chloroplasts • Found: Plant Cells • Function: Makes food, or sugar (glucose), for the cell • Comparison: Chef of the cell Vacuole • Found: Plant and Animal Cells • Function: Stores food, water, and other materials for the cell – Note: Vacuoles are especially large in plants for storing water…full vacuoles ensure your salad is crispy • Comparison: Storage sheds Lysosomes • Found: Animal Cells • Function: Break down old materials for reuse • Comparison: Recycling Factory Cell Membrane • Found: ALL Cells • Function: Controls what comes in and out of the cell • Comparison: City Gate Cell Wall • Found: Plant cells and Bacterial Cells • Function: Protects the cell and gives it support • Comparison: City Wall Cytoplasm • Found: ALL Cells • Function: Where the chemical reactions of the cell occur – Also where the other organelles float