Transcript Foundations II Section 7.2 Cell Structure Guided Notes

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Comparing the Cell to a Factory
oEukaryotic Cell Structures
oStructures within a eukaryotic cell that perform
important cellular functions are known as
_______________________.
oCell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two
major parts:
oThe _____________: Houses cell’s DNA
oThe ______________
oThe ___________is the portion of the cell outside
the nucleus. Site of most of the cells __________.Slide
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Comparing the Cell to a Factory
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)
Golgi
apparatus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Comparing the Cell to a Factory
Animal Cell
Nucleolus
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Ribosome (free)
Nuclear envelope
Cell membrane
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)
Centrioles
Golgi
apparatus
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
oNucleus
oThe ____________is the _____________
of the cell.
oThe nucleus contains nearly all the
cell's _________and with it the coded
instructions for _______________ and
other important molecules.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
The Nucleus
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Nuclear
pores
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
oThe nucleus is
surrounded by a
_________________
composed of two
membranes.
oThe envelope is
dotted with ________
__________, which
allow material to move
Nuclear
in and out of the
envelope
nucleus.
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Nuclear
pores
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
oThe granular material in the nucleus is called
_______________.
oChromatin consists of _______________________.
Chromatin
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
oWhen a cell divides, chromatin condenses to form
____________________.
o_______________contain the ________________
that is passed from one generation of cells to the
next.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
oMost nuclei also contain a _________________.
oThe nucleolus is where the ______________
_______begins.
Nucleolus
oNucleus Review
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Ribosomes
oRibosomes
oOne of the most important jobs carried out in
the cell is making proteins.
oProteins are assembled on ___________.
o______________are small particles of RNA
and protein found throughout the cytoplasm.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Ribosomes
oRibosomes produce proteins by following _______
_______________ that come from the ___________.
oCells that are active in protein synthesis are often
packed with ribosomes.
o
________________
o
________________
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
oEndoplasmic Reticulum
oEukaryotic cells contain an internal
membrane system called the___________
____________________________.
oThe endoplasmic reticulum is where
__________________________________
________, along with _____________
__________________________________
from the cell.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
oThere are two types of ______________________.
oThe portion of the ER involved in ______________
is called ___________________________________.
o_______________are found on the surface of rough
ER.
oRough ER is abundant in cells that produce ______
________________________________________.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
o______________________________on its surface.
o_______________ contains collections of enzymes
that perform specialized tasks, such as __________
__________________________________________.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
oGolgi Apparatus
oProteins produced in the rough ER move into the
__________________.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
oThe Golgi apparatus appears as a _____________
__________________________________________.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
oThe Golgi apparatus ____________________
_________________________________________
______________________________for storage
in the cell or secretion outside the cell.
oFrom the Golgi apparatus, proteins are
then “________” to their final destinations
throughout the cell or outside of the cell.
oVideo review
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Lysosomes
oLysosomes
o_______________ are small organelles filled with
enzymes.
oLysosomes ____________________________
______________________________that can be
used by the rest of the cell.
oLysosomes also __________________________
________________________________________.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Vacuoles
oVacuoles
oSome cells contain saclike structures called
_______________ that _____________________
________________________________________.
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Vacuoles
oIn many plant cells there
is a single, large ______
_____________ filled
with liquid.
oThe ____________
_______________allows
plants to support heavy
structures such as leaves
and flowers.
Vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
oVacuoles are also found
in some unicellular
organisms and in some
animals.
Vacuoles
Contractile vacuole
oThe paramecium
contains a __________
____________that _____
____________________
____________________
____________________.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
oMitochondria
oNearly all eukaryotic
cells contain
__________________.
oMitochondria convert
the chemical energy
stored in food ________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
oMitochondria are enclosed by two membranes—an
__________________________________________
______________.
oThe inner membrane (_____) is ___________
inside the organelle.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
oChloroplasts
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Chloroplast
oPlants and some
other organisms
contain___________.
oChloroplasts
capture energy from
sunlight and convert it
into chemical energy
in a process called
_________________.
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
oChloroplasts are surrounded by _______________.
oChloroplasts contain the green pigment
_________________.
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Cytoskeleton
oCytoskeleton
oEukaryotic cells are given their shape and
internal organization by the __________________.
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Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein
filaments that helps the cell to_________
______________. The cytoskeleton is
also involved in ________________.
The cytoskeleton is made up of:
• ___________________
• ___________________
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
Microfilaments:
• are threadlike structures made up of the
protein ____________.
• form extensive networks in some cells.
• __________________________________ that
supports the cell.
• _____________________________.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
_____________________ are hollow structures
made up of proteins known as tubulins.
Microtubules:
• Maintain__________________.
• are important in ______________________.
• build projections from the cell _____________
____________________ —that enable some
cells to swim rapidly through liquids.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cytoskeleton
oIn animal cells, structures known as ___________
are formed from tubulin.
o_________________ are located near the nucleus
and help to organize cell division.
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7-2
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7-2
In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible
as
a. a dense region called the nucleolus.
b. the nuclear envelope.
c. granular material called chromatin.
d. condensed bodies called chloroplasts.
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7-2
Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials
and helping to
a. break down organelles.
b. assemble proteins.
c. maintain homeostasis.
d. make new organelles.
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7-2
Chloroplasts are found in the cells of
a. plants only.
b. plants and some other organisms.
c. all eukaryotes.
d. most prokaryotes.
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7-2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the
Golgi apparatus?
a. synthesize proteins
b. modify proteins
c. sort proteins
d. package proteins
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7-2
Which of the following is a function of the
cytoskeleton?
a. manufactures new cell organelles
b. assists in movement of some cells from one
place to another
c. releases energy in cells
d. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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END OF SECTION