Transcript PPT 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Organelles – structures within a eukaryotic cell.
Translation: “Little Organs”
Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into
two major parts:
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm – contains the
other organelles.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)
Golgi
apparatus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Animal Cell
Nucleolus
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Ribosome (free)
Nuclear envelope
Cell membrane
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)
Centrioles
Golgi
apparatus
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the
cell.
The nucleus contains the cell's DNA
which is the instructions for making
proteins.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
The Nucleus
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Nuclear
pores
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes
during protein synthesis.
Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
There are two types of ER—rough and smooth.
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER – uses
ribosomes to make
proteins, modifies them,
and sends them to the
golgi.
Smooth ER – makes new
membranes and detoxifies
dangerous chemicals.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi apparatus – receives, modifies, and ships
vacuoles (packages). It’s the UPS of the cell.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome – a vacuole that contains digestive
enzymes. It is used to break down bacteria
and food taken in by the cell.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Vacuoles
Central Vacuole – large
storage space in plant
cells used for storing
water. It gives the cell
internal pressure.
Vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
The paramecium contains
a contractile vacuole
that pumps excess water
out of the cell.
Vacuoles
Contractile vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of the mitochondria?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Found: All Eukaryotes
Function: convert food
into useable energy
through the process of
cellular respiration.
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts
Found: Only organisms
that do photosynthesis
such as plants and algae.
Function: capture energy
from sunlight and convert
it into sugar in a process
called photosynthesis.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cytoskeleton
Functions of the Cytoskeleton:
• Keeping Cell Shape
• Movement within the Cell
The cytoskeleton is made up of:
• microfilaments
• microtubules
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
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Cytoskeleton
Centrioles help to organize the cytoskeleton during
cell division.
Cell Organelle Interactive
Plant and Animal Model Interactive
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In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible
as
a. a dense region called the nucleolus.
b. the nuclear envelope.
c. granular material called chromatin.
d. condensed bodies called chloroplasts.
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Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials
and helping to
a. break down organelles.
b. assemble proteins.
c. maintain homeostasis.
d. make new organelles.
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Chloroplasts are found in the cells of
a. plants only.
b. plants and some other organisms.
c. all eukaryotes.
d. most prokaryotes.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the
Golgi apparatus?
a. synthesize proteins.
b. modify proteins.
c. sort proteins.
d. package proteins.
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Which of the following is a function of the
cytoskeleton?
a. manufactures new cell organelles
b. assists in movement of some cells from one
place to another
c. releases energy in cells
d. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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