Transcript Biology_Plant & Animal Cell Notes_06

Cell Structures
Organelles
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Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lysosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Ribosome
Vacuoles
Plastid
Mitochondria
 Powerhouse of the cell
 Changes chemical energy in food to
compounds more convenient for cell to
use
 Has 2 membranes
 Outer- surrounds the organelle
 Inner- increases surface area because of
folds; this is where cellular respiration takes
place; folds are called cristae
 Produces ATP
Chloroplasts
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Only in PLANT cells
Change energy from one form to another
Capture sunlight
Converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and
water into sugars
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Transports material through the cell
 Makes poisons, wastes and other toxins
harmless
 Can be rough or smooth
 Rough ER has ribosomes on it
 Smooth ER does not have ribosomes
 Makes proteins through the ribosomes
Lysosomes
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Clean up crew
Removes the junk
Encircles and engulfs foreign material
Uses chemicals and enzymes
Not present in plant cells
Can eat old organelles
Golgi Apparatus
 Discovered by Camillo Golgi
 Modifies, collects, packages, and
distributes molecules made at one
location of the cell to another location to
be used
 Looks like a stack of pancakes
Ribosome
 Made in the nucleus
 Some are free in the cytoplasm and other
are attached to the ER
 Make proteins
 Smallest organelle
Vacuoles
 Stores material such as water, salt,
protein and carbohydrates
 Mainly found in PLANT cells
 Plants have one single large vacuole for
water storage
Plastid
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Only in PLANTS
Store food and pigment
Chloroplasts- stores chlorophyll
Leukoplasts- stores starch
Chromoplasts- stores pigments (fruits
and flowers)
 Amyloplasts- contain starch, found in
seeds
Animal Cells
Lysosomes
Plant Cells
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Plant Cell
Vacuole
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(free)
Chloroplast
Cell
Membrane
Ribosome
(attached)
Nuclear
envelope
Cell wall
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrian
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Animal Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear
envelope
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Ribosome
(attached)
Ribosome
(free)
Cell
Membrane
Mitochondrian
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
Cytoskeleton
 Gives the cell shape and mechanical
support, maintains structure and aids in
movement
 Composed of microtubules
 Hollow tubes
 Maintain shape of cell
 Serves as a track for organelles to move on
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Michondrion
Cilia and Flagella
 Made of microtubules
 Flagella move in an undulating fashion to
propel a cell. Ex. Sperm, euglena
 Cilia- more numerous on the cells
surface, act more like oars. Ex.
Paramecium
 In humans cilia line parts of the
respiratory system moving dust particles
and bacteria away from the lungs