Transcript 3.2 Hyperemia & congestion

Section 1 Hyperemia or congestion
Hyperemia:
increased volume of blood in
cardiovascular vessels
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Arterial hyperemia(active -):
augmented arterial inflow. Such as that
occurs in the muscles during exercise,
at sites of inflammation and in the
pleasing neurovascular dilatation
termed blushing
The organ or tissue is warm, red,
and the symptoms are temporally
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Venous hyperemia (congestion):
diminished venous outflow, such as
cardiac failure or obstructive venous
disease
The tissue is cool, edema, dusky bluegray
(参照武忠弼 病理学规划教材第一版 人民卫生出版社 修改 )
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Consequences of chronic congestion:
1 parenchyma cell: atrophy degeneration
necrosis
2 interstitial hyperplasia: fibrosis cirrhosis
3 edema
4 hemorrhage
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Left-sided heart failure
chronic congestion of lung
lung edema, hemorrhage:weight
increased, sogginess subcrepitant,
sectioning permits the free escape of a
frothy hemorrhagicfluid, microscope showed
alveolar walls are dilated and alveolar space
edema,full with red cells and can find
“heart failure cell”
brown induration of the lung
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“heart
failure cell”
macrophages phagocytose red
cell then the red cell was
broken down into hemosiderin
granules
Acute congestion of the lung with pulmonary edema.
Chronic congestion with heart failure cells
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Right-sided heart failure
nutmeg liver:liver congestion
in centrilobular areas
surrounded by fatty
degeneration peripheral
regions
persistence
cardiac sclerosis
nutmeg liver (photo is
offered by Prof. Orr )
Histologic appearance of
atrophy and necrosis of cells
in the central part of the liver
lobule in chronic congestion
(photo is from Robbins Basic
Pathology,2003 )