Transcript Through and Out Rates PJM and the Northeast

Congestion Management in a Market
Environment
2nd CIGRE / IEEE PES International Symposium
San Antonio, Texas
October 5, 2005
Kenneth W. Laughlin
PJM RTO on January 1, 2005
PJM RTO (January 1, 2005)
Generating Units
Generation Capacity
Peak Load
Annual Energy
Transmission Miles
Area (Square Miles)
1,400
170,807 MW
131,600 MW
648,000 GWh
55,000
186,000
Customers
Population Served
States (+ D.C.)
21 Million
50+ Million
13 states + D.C.
PJM - Full Service RTO
• Control Area Operator
• Transmission Provider
• Market Administrator
• Regional Transmission Planner
• NERC Reliability Coordinator
Congestion Management - Operations
• System Operators must address all
events, all constraints – reliability,
economic and natural
– Perform future studies to determine safe operating
conditions
– Perform day-ahead studies of expected operating
conditions to test its operating plan
– Operate in real time according to day ahead plan
Congestion Management - Tools
• Real-time assessment of power system
• Real time alarm systems for real and
contingency overloads
• Calculation of sensitivity factors of
generation flows on the transmission
system
• Determination of redispatch options to
maintain reliable operations
Congestion Management - Tools
• Security-constrained, economic dispatch
• Determine the economic value of
generation in real time at every node on
the system based upon:
– transmission system parameters
– generation loading
– transactions
Congestion Management - Methods
• Transmission Line loading Relief (TLR)
– Identify flowgates (frequently constrained
segments of the transmission system)
– Determine generation impact on flowgates
– Monitor flowgates and generate alarms for
overload conditions (manually)
– Curtail regional transactions impacting
loading on flowgates based upon priority of
transmission service
Congestion Management - IT
• Math is the same as it was in 1970
• Difference is the technology and speed of computing
• Improvement is the scope of options and the size of
the system that can be monitored and priced in real
time
• PJM produces a system dispatch every five minutes
for an 87,000 MW peak load system and reports
10,400 prices with a 1 minute time lag.
Congestion Management - Experiences
• Market to Non-Market
– identify flowgates regionally
– identify and agree to acceptable flows on
flowgates imposed by each region
– if flowgate limit is exceeded issue alarm
– regions without LMP will curtail transactions to
respect flowgate limits
– regions with LMP will redispatch generation to
respect flowgate limits
Congestion Management - Experiences
• Market to Market
– Identify flowgates and level of acceptable
flows by each region on each flowgate
– If the reliability limit of the flowgate is
exceeded, all regions impacting the flowgate
will redispatch generation to respect the
flowgate limit
Congestion Management - Symposium
Symposium Sessions
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•
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•
Congestion Management – Operations
Congestion Management – Methods
Congestion Management – Experiences
Congestion Management – Information Technology
Congestion Management
Market Role
•
Markets (in North America) Link
• Reliability (defined by standards – North American Electric
Reliability Council)
• Exercise of Free Market opportunities
Congestion Management
LMP Role
•
Locational Marginal Pricing is signal used to Link
• Reliability
• Exercise of Free Market opportunities
• Generation Construction
Congestion Management
Industry Major Challenge
•
Signal(s) to Incent Transmission construction
Congestion Management
Symposium Participant Challenge
•
•
•
•
Actively participate in Sessions
Communicate ideas
Resolve questions
Use information
• To define academic research
• To share
• To foster industry development