Transcript historyclass

Taxonomy to Classification
Today you will learn about the Linnaean system of
classification used in biology. We use this system
to describe and categorize all living things.
We will focus on humans: how we fit within this
system and why some animals are considered to be
close to us in their evolutionary history.
Principles of Classification
Very likely your mental image was a visual one like
Think
about an
elephant.
Develop
a mentaltraits
image
the picture.
Humans
primarily
emphasize
that
of
How
would
it tothey
someone
canit.be
seen
with you
theirdescribe
eyes since
mostlywho
rely
has
never
seenofone?
Take
a moment
to write
on their
sense
vision.
However,
there
is no a
description
in your
journal.
reason that an
elephant
or any other organism
could not be described in terms of touch, smell,
and/or sound as well. Think about an elephant
again but this time in terms of non-visual traits . . .
Principles of Classification
Classifying Shoes
1. I will need your shoes for this lab.
2. Number pieces of masking tape and label
each shoe with a number on the sole.
3. Make a list of general shoe features. Make
a table that has a column for each feature.
Complete the table by describing each shoe.
4. Use the data in the table to build a shoe
identification key.
Principles of Classification
Classifying Shoes
5. The key should be a list of steps. Each step
should have two contrasting statements
about the shoes. The two statements will
lead you either to the next step or a
specific shoe.
For example:
1) This shoe is a Red Sandal.
Yes - It is shoe #3 (a Red Sandal)
No - This is not a Sandal (Go to step 2)
Principles of Classification
Classifying Shoes
6. If your shoe is not identified in one step, go
on to the next step or steps until the shoe is
identified.
How many species are there?
• 13 or 14 million species (10 to 100, depending on
who you talk to…)
• most of the 12 million (or 98 million) are insects
and microscopic life forms
• 1.75 million named species
• 1.1 million insect species
• we may never know…
How many species are there?
KINGDOM
# OF SPECIES
Bacteria
Protoctists (algae, protozoa, etc)
Animals (vertebrates)
Animals (invertebrates)
Fungi
Plants
Total # of described species =
Possible # w/ unknown species =
4,000
80,000
52,000
1,272,000
72,000
270,000
1,750,000
14,000,000
from the United Nations publication: UNEP-WCMC (2000). Global Biodiversity: Earth's living resources in
the 21st century. Cambridge, World Conservation Press.
How many species are there?
• 99% of all plant and animal species have already
become extinct - leaving no fossils
• humans and other “large animals” are freakishly
rare
• 99% of all known animal species are smaller that
bumble bees
Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.) - groups
John old
Ray geek,
(1600’s)
- species
One
I mean
Greek, well he was a
geek
Scalatoo.
Naturae
God
When
Man did scientists begin classifying
animals?
Oviparous
Carolus
InsectsLinneaus (1700’s) - don’t get me started!
Baron Georges Cuvier (1800’s) - subgroups such as
Plants
vertebrata, mollusca, articulata, etc.
Non-living matter
When did scientists begin to classify living
things?
• Taxonomy - classification of organisms based on
physical characteristics.
• 18th and 19th century “naturalists” identified and
named…
• Karl von Linne
• Carolus Linnaeus
• Systema Naturae
The Linnaean Classification System
• GENUS
• SPEICIES
• BINOMEN (“two names”)
• Homo Sapien (“man who is wise” )
• Primates
When did scientists begin to classify living
things?
• Charles Darwin
• Natural Selection
• Adaptive Radiation
• Ecological Niches