Transcript Cells - Kent

Cells
The size & shape of a cell relates to
its function (job it does)
Cell
Smallest unit of life
Tissue
Group of cells working together
Organ
Group of tissues working together
Organ System
Group of organs working together
Organism
Any living thing made of 1 or more cells
Prokaryotic Cells
(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)
•Cells without
membrane-bound
organelles
EX: bacteria, pond scum
Eukaryotic Cells
(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)
•Cells with
membrane-bound
organelles
EX: animals, plants,
fungi and protists
*Look for this picture to relate cell parts to parts of a turtle
Cell Vocabulary
and Organelles
CHLOROPLAST
•A structure in the cells of
plants, algae and some bacteria
that captures energy from
sunlight and uses it to produce
food during photosynthesis
*only in plants, algae and some
bacteria cells
CHLOROPHYLL
•A green pigment in chloroplasts
of plants, algae and some bacteria
that gives leaves & stems their
color
•Site of photosynthesis
Just like: a turtle’s shell!!
CELL WALL
•A rigid structure that
surrounds the cell
membrane and provides
support to the cell
*found in plants, algae, fungi, & most
bacteria
Just like: a turtle’s skin!!
CELL MEMBRANE
•Protective layer around
ALL cells that controls
which substances can
enter or leave the cell
(ex. food, oxygen, &
water in & waste)
Just like: a turtle’s blood!!
CYTOPLASM
•A jellylike fluid inside
every cell that holds
organelles in place and
keeps the general structure
of the cell
Just like: a turtle’s skeleton!!
CYTOSKELETON
•A network of long
protein strands in the
cytoplasm that helps
support the structure of
the cell
Just like: a turtle’s brain!!
NUCLEUS
•Control center of the cell
•Contains genetic material called DNA
Just like: a turtle’s skull!!
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
•Separates nucleus from
cytoplasm
•Controls movement of
materials into/out of
nucleus
Just like: a turtle’s neurons!!
CHROMOSOME
•Coiled DNA structure
containing genetic code
that controls traits and
function
•inside the nucleus of the
cell in eukaryotes
•free-floating in
prokaryotes
Just like: a turtle’s stomach!!
MITOCHONDRIA
•An organelle in eukaryotic
cells where cellular
respiration (uses oxygen to
break down glucose in our
food to make ATP [energy])
occurs
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
•Membranes in a
eukaryotic cell
that produce and
transport
proteins
•Smooth ER –
•Rough ER –
ribosomes not
attached to ER
ribosomes attached
to ER
RIBOSOME
•Molecule
involved in
protein synthesis
•Found by the Endoplasmic Reticulum and freefloating in the cytoplasm
GOLGI APPARATUS/BODIES
(GOAL jee)
•Stack of membranes in
the cell that modify, sort
and package proteins
that were transported
from the Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Just like: a turtle’s fat!!
VACUOLE
•Cell organelle that stores
materials (water, salts,
proteins and
carbohydrates)
•Typically larger in plant
cells
LYSOSOMES (LI suh sohmz)
•An organelle
containing digestive
enzymes
•Digests dead parts of
the cell