Transcript File
Starter EOCT Warmup Questions will cycle twice. Pay attention. 7 total. Write the letter of your choice on your paper. 1 1) Which of these adaptations enables a fish to live underwater? A) backbone B) cold-bloodedness C) gills D) scales 2) A change in the genetic code of an organism is called A) cancer. B) mitosis. C) mutation. D) tumor. 3) Biochemical analysis uses similarities in __________ as evidence for evolutionary relationships. A) DNA sequences B) bone structure C) cellular architecture D) homologous structures 4) What type of biomolecule will be produced at the end of the process shown in the illustration? A) a fat B) a sugar C) a lipid D) a protein 5) ___________ are lipids that store energy and are typically composed of multiple building blocks containing three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule. A) Fats B) Phospholipids C) Proteins D) Steroids 6) Chemically speaking, enzymes are composed of chains of _________________, and they are considered to be a type of __________________. A) fatty acids, lipid B) amino acids, protein C) nucleotides, nucleic acid D) monosaccharides, carbohydrate 7) The main difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is A) the ability to grow. B) the ability to reproduce. C) the presence of nucleic acids. D) the presence of a true nucleus. STARTER 3. The legs of a crocodile and a mouse 1. The main difference between a have similar bone structures and prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell develop in a similar way. What is type of structures are the leg A) the ability to grow. bones? B) the ability to reproduce. A) homologous C) the presence of nucleic acids. B)analogous D) the presence of a true nucleus. C) fossilized 2. According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, which of the following is D) vestigial MOST responsible for natural 4. From earliest to most recent, which selection? is the correct order of evolution? A)genetic variation A) protista-animalia-archaebacteria B) fossilization B) animalia-archaebacteria-protista C) extinction C) archaebacteria-protista-animalia D) selective breeding D) animalia-protista-archaebacteria AGENDA • Essential Question(s): • Opening: – Is there more than one way to • Starter Questions classify organisms? • Work Session: • Standard(s): • Cladogram Guided – SB3. Students will derive the Notes relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the • Cladogram Building increasing complexity of systems. Guided Practice & • Element(s): Independent Practice – SB3.c Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems. • Closing: – SB3.b. Compare how the structures • Homework: and function vary between the six Vocabulary kingdoms (archaebacteria, eubacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animal). • Finalize Instructional Reflection • Exit Ticket Family trees of evolution! Chapter Organizing Life’s Diversity 17 17.2 Modern Classification Cladistics reconstructs phylogenies based on shared characters. Scientists consider two main types of characters when doing cladistic analysis: An ancestral character is found within the entire line of descent of a group of organisms. Derived characters are present members of one group of the line but not in the common ancestor. Cladograms Raccoons Lesser pandas Giant pandas Bears QuickTi me™ and a TIFF ( Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see thi s pi ctur e. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (U ncompressed) decompressor are needed to see t his picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Common Ancestor •Cladograms are sometimes called branching diagrams •Three purposes: 1. Show common ancestors 2. Show shared features 3. Show how closely one organism is related to another Chapter Organizing Life’s Diversity 17 17.2 Modern Classification Cladograms The greater the number of derived characters shared by groups, the more recently the groups share a common ancestor. Steps to Creating Cladogram 1. Start with a list of taxa that are to be fit into the cladogram (the ingroup) and their derived characters. Choose an outgroup; a taxa that shares an ancestral character with the ingroup, but exhibits none of the derived characters. Steps to Creating Cladogram 2. Create a character table with the taxon with the least number of derived characters in the first row and the taxon with the greatest number of derived characters should be the last row. The most common character that should be in the first column. The least common character should be in the last column. Steps to Creating Cladogram 3. Build the cladogram step-by-step. Start with the first character (first column). The outgroup is the first most primitive taxon. Separate it from the other taxa on the cladogram. Each split in the cladogram marks a separate evolutionary event. Cladograms Outgroup Sharks Frogs Kangaroos Humans Placenta Mammary glands Four Limbs Vertebrae Common Ancestor Ingroups: Frogs, Kangaroos, Humans Cladograms Characteristics Vertebrae Four Limbs Mammary glands Placenta Shark YES NO NO NO 1 Frog YES YES NO NO 2 Kangaroo YES YES YES NO 3 Human YES YES YES YES 4 Cladograms Sharks Frogs Kangaroos Humans Placenta Mammary glands Four Limbs Vertebrae Common Ancestor Guided Practice Organisms/ Taxa Derived Character Backbone Legs Hair Earthworm Absent Absent Absent Trout Present Absent Absent Lizard Present Present Absent Human Present Present Present Your Turn to Create Cladogram • Time activity: 25 Minutes • Work in Pairs Closing • Homework: Vocabulary at top of notes • Finalize Instructional Reflection • Exit Ticket Exit ticket • 1. Which taxon is most closely related to the leopard? • 2. Which derived characteristic separates the outgroup from the ingroups? • 3. Which taxon has four walking legs, jaws, and a vertebral column but not an amniotic egg?