Transcript Biology Warm-Ups - Lemon Bay High School

Biology Warm-Ups
Biology 2012-2013
Ms. Chabot
• Add the Florida Biology
Standard to the top of
the page.
• Write out and answer
the question.
• Each Friday I will check
your Composition Book
for the Warm-Ups
done during the week.
Standard #1
• Students will be able to define a problem by:
–
–
–
–
–
Posing questions about the natural world.
Conduct observations.
Plan investigations.
Use tools to gather data.
Evaluate others’ investigations.
Question #1:
Scientists begin all investigations/experiments by making
observations.
What is the term used to describe the statement
generated by using inferences and prior knowledge?
Hypothesis
Standard 2
• Student will compare and
contrast different types of
microscopes.
Question 2:
Describe the following types of
microscopes:
• Compound microscope: uses 2
mirrors and a light source to magnify
images.
• Dissecting microscope: Uses 2
mirrors and a light source with LOW
magnification to view dissections.
• Scanning electron: passes electron
over the surface of DEAD specimens
to view very small structures.
• Transmission electron: Passes
electrons through DEAD specimens
to view very small structures.
Standard 3
• Student will compare
and contrast different
types of microscopes.
Question 3:
What type of microscope is
most commonly used in a
high school science lab?
Compound Light Microscope
What kind of microscope is
used to study viruses?
ANY Electron Microscope
Standard 4
• Students will accurately
place the order of
events that occur in a
scientific investigation.
Question 4:
Place the following events in order according to the
Scientific Method.
Make observations, Generate hypothesis, Design an
experiment, Collect data, Draw conclusions
Question 5
An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to
represent a cell’s semipermeable membrane. The mass of each
egg was measured to determine how much water moved into or
out of the eggs. Each egg was placed into a different solution for
24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation.
Solution
Mass before
soaking
Mass after
soaking
Difference in
Mass
Percent
change
Vinegar
(95% water)
71.2
98.6
27.4
+38.5
Corn syrup
(5% water)
98.6
64.5
34.1
-34.6
Distilled water
(100 % water)
64.5
105.3
40.8
+63.3
Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred abut cells with
semipermeable membranes?
A) Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.
B) Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentrations.
C) Water enters the cell when placed in environments of low water concentrations.
Standard 5
• Students will explain the
properties of water,
including:
DESCRIBE
– Adhesion: allows water to
stick to other substances.
– Cohesion: attraction between
water molecules
– Ability to moderate
temperature: keeps
temperature constant
– Expansion upon freezing
– Universal solvent: dissolves
many substances
Question 6
What property of water
allows it to stick to other
water molecules?
COHESION
Standard 6
• Students will explain how
the properties make
water essential for life on
Earth.
Question 7
What property of water
allows for a meniscus to
form in a graduated
cylinder?
COHESION and ADHESION
Why is this property of
water important to
organisms?
Allows water to move
through bloodstream.
Standard 7
• Students will identify
and describe the basic
molecular structure of
carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic
acids.
Question 8
What type of macromolecule
is composed of chains of
amino acids that are joined
together by peptide bonds?
PROTEINS
What are the functions of this
macromolecule?
Structure, enzymes,
antibodies.
Standard 8
• Students will explain
how enzymes speed up
the rate of a
biochemical reaction by
lowering the reaction’s
activation energy.
Question 9
What is the name of the
region where a reactant
binds to an enzyme?
ACTIVE SITE
SKETCH THIS GRAPH!
Question 10
A change in pH can change the
shape of a protein.
What is this change (in protein
shape) due to heat and pH
called?
DENATURE/UNRAVEL
Why might a change in pH stop
an enzyme from working?
Loss of ACTIVE SITE, Loss of
SHAPE.
Standard 9
QUESTION 11
• Students will describe and
• What are the 3 statements
explain the cell theory.
that summarize the modern
• New investigations in
cell theory?
science influenced the
– all living things are made of
development of the
cells.
modern cell theory.
– Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in
living things.
– New cells are produced from
existing cells.
• What common
misconception was
disproved by the cell
theory?
– Spontaneous generation
Standard 10
Students will understand
the science behind the
development of the cell
theory.
Question 12
• What inventions and
discoveries were
necessary for the cell
theory to be accepted?
– Disprove spontaneous
generation (Pasteur and
Redi).
– Invention of microscope
(Leeuwonhoek).
– Discovery and ID of cells
(Hooke).
Standard 11
Students will compare and
contrast Eukaryotic and
Prokaryotic cells.
Question 13
Which of the following is
found in both prokaryotes
and eukaryotes?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleus
D.Ribosome
Complete to Compare Plant and Animal Cells
PLANT CELLS
ANIMAL CELLS
Compare and Contrast
Hypothesis and Theory
Hypothesis
Theory
• Can be
revised
• Used by
scientists
• Well-tested
• Combines
hypothesis
and
observations
• Possible
explanation
for events
• Based on
observations
and
inferences
Match the following biology-related
words with their correct descriptions.
WORDS
• Homeostasis
•
•
• Evolution
• Interdependence
• Cellular basis for life
• Biology
• Metabolism
•
•
•
•
DESCRIPTIONS
Organisms change over time
All chemical reactions that
occur in living things.
Internal environment remains
steady.
The study of LIFE
All form of life on Earth are
connected.
Living things are made of
cells.
Construct a pH chart and label
with the following items:
• Numbers to represent
the pH of a substance.
• Acid
• Base
• Neutral
• Weak acid
• Weak base
• Strong acid
• Strong base
Answer the following questions about
Organic Macromolecules.
• Which type of macromolecule is composed of chains of
amino acids held together by peptide bonds?
• Which class of macromolecule is used as a rapidly
available energy source?
• What is the role of the following nucleic acids in living
things?
– DNA :
– RNA :
– ATP :
Enzymes and Lock and Key
Mechanism
Describe how a lock and key
mimic how an enzyme
functions in the body.
The enzyme acts like a lock,
with a specific bonding site
called the ACTVIE SITE. The
chemical is the key that will
fit specifically into the
ACTIVE SITE to catalyze
(speed up) the chemical
reaction.
Review Question #6
• What 3 subatomic
particle make up an
atom?
– PROTONS + charge /
in nucleus
– NEUTRONS no charge /
in nucleus
– ELECTRONS - charge /
surrounds nucleus
SKETCH THE ATOM ABOVE IN YOUR
STANDARD NOTEBOOK
Review Question #7
• What is an ION? A charged atom, # Protons does not
= # Electrons.
• What is an ISOTOPE? An atom with a different Mass
Number/Atomic Weight so a different # of Neutrons.
• Complete the table below.
ELEMENT
SYMBOL
ATOMIC
NUMBER
Hydrogen
H
1
Carbon
C
Carbon
Chlorine
MASS
NUMBER
PROTONS
NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS
NEUTRAL/
ION/
ISOTOPE
1
1
0
0
+1 Ion
6
12
6
6
6
Neutral
C
6
14
6
8
6
ISOTOPE
Cl
17
35
17
18
18
-1 Ion
Review Question #8
• What are the 2 main types of chemical bonds?
– IONIC BOND transfers electron(s) from one atom to
another.
– COVALENT BOND shares electrons between atoms.
SKETCH EACH EXAMPLE BELOW AND LABEL PROPERLY
Review Question #9
• What are the main elements of all
macromolecules and all living things?
– Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur,
Nitrogen
• What happens to chemical bonds during
chemical reactions?
– Bonds are made and broken to transform one set
of chemicals into another.
Review Question #10
Complete the following sentences concerning
chemical reactions:
• Chemical reactions that RELEASE energy often
occur on their own/spontaneously.
• Chemical reactions that ABSORB energy will not
occur without a source of energy.
Go Back and Review
Standard 9
Students will
describe and explain
the cell theory.
QUESTION 11
• What are the 3 statements
that summarize the modern
cell theory?
– all living things are made of
cells.
– Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in
living things.
– New cells are produced from
existing cells.
• What common
misconception was disproved
by the cell theory?
– Spontaneous generation
Go Back and Review
Standard 10
Students will
understand the
science behind the
development of the
cell theory.
Question 12
• What inventions and
discoveries were
necessary for the cell
theory to be accepted?
– Disprove spontaneous
generation (Pasteur and
Redi).
– Invention of microscope
(Leeuwonhoek).
– Discovery and ID of cells
(Hooke).
Go Back and Review
Standard 11
Students will compare
and contrast Eukaryotic
and Prokaryotic cells.
Question 13
Which of the following
is found in both
prokaryotes and
eukaryotes?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleus
D.Ribosome
Standard 12
• Students will compare and contrast the
organelles found in plant and animal cells that
allow them to perform specific functions.
Standard 12
Students will describe how structures in cells are
directly related to their function in the cell.
Cell
Cell Membrane
Membrane
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AKA
AKA Plasma
PlasmaMembrane
Membrane
Provides
support
and shape to the
Selectively
permeable
cell.
• Controls what enters/exits the
Selectively
permeable
cell
Made
Madeof
ofLIPIDS/fats
LIPIDS/fats
Contains
that
Containsprotein
proteinchannels
channels
allow
large substances
and water to
that allow
large substances
pass through
and water to pass through
QUESTION:
What does HYDROPHILIC mean? Water-loving
What does HYDROPHOBIC mean? Water-fearing
Standard 12
Students will describe how structures in cells are
directly related to their function in the cell.
Membrane Proteins
– Embedded in the phospholipid
bilayer of the cell membrane.
– SOME allow substances to pass
through that are:
– SOME act as membrane
markers/FLAGS for cell ID.
QUESTION:
What substances must use a membrane protein embedded
in the cell membrane to move into and out of the cell?
Water and Large molecules like glucose
Standard 13
Students will explain the role of the cell membrane
during active and PASSIVE transport
• Passive transport means to
move substances into and out
of the cell without consuming
the cell’s energy, ATP.
QUESTION;
Describe each type of PASSIVE
transport below:
• Diffusion: movement of a
solute from an area of high
concentration to an area of
low concentration.
• Osmosis: movement of
WATER from an area of high
concentration to an area of
low concentration.
• Facilitated Diffusion:
movement of a solute from an
area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration
through a membrane protein.
Standard 13
Concentration Gradients,
ISOTONIC, HYPERTONIC, and HYPOTONIC
A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
is the difference of dissolved
SOLUTES present on either
side of a cell membrane.
QUESTION:
What happens to cell size in the
following situations:
• ISOTONIC: concentration is
the same so cell does not
change size.
• HYPOTONIC: solute
concentration is lower in
solution than the cell, water
moves in and cell SWELLS.
• HYPERTONIC: solute
concentration is higher in
solution than the cell, water
leaves the cell and cell
SHRINKS.
Standard 13
Students will explain the role of the cell membrane
during ACTIVE and passive transport
• Active transport means that
substances moving across the
cell membrane must be
FORCED, using cell’s energy,
ATP.
• Examples of ACTIVE transport
are:
– Solute Pumping
– Vesicular Transport
QUESTION;
Describe each type of ACTIVE
transport below:
• SOLUTE PUMP:
• VESICULAR TRANSPORT: