Transcript Genetics, it`s not just Spiderman and X-men

Genetics, it’s not just
Spiderman and X-men!
GLE: 1.2.7
Students will be able to understand that organisms pass on information in
their life cycle and that an organisms characteristics are determined by
both genetic and environmental influences
It’s not just this…
• X men? …….. Or this!
Pre-Unit Activity: Genetics
• Draw genetics – 5 minutes
What is Genetics?
• Genetics
= the science of heredity.
• Heredity
= characteristics passed on from parent to
offspring (we’ll get more specific later in the
semester).
So what are some traits
that can be passed on
from parent to offspring?
So what are some traits
that can be passed on
from parent to offspring?
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Eye color
Hair color
Talents
Personality
Genetics…just a lot of
words…break it down
• Gene…tics!
• Gene = units of heredity
– Contained within each DNA molecule
What is Genetics (cont.)
•
From a textbook:
•
= “The discipline has a rich history and involves investigations of
molecules, cells, organisms, and populations, using many different
experimental approaches. Not only does genetic information play a
significant role during evolution, its expression influences the
functioning of individuals at all levels. Genetics thus unifies the study
of biology and has had a profound impact on human affairs.”
• HOLY CAMOLY? What does that all mean?
– TO READ YOUR TEXTBOOK, GO SLOW AND
BREAK IT DOWN
History!
• Most significant scientific findings were
obtained in the 19th century (that’s the
1800’s folks).
• But what led up to that….
History: Prehistoric Times
• Domestication of animals to serve
various roles.
– What are some examples?
History: Prehistoric Times
• Cultivation of plants.
– Examples?
History: Prehistoric Times
• So…
– Human awareness of heredity was thus
apparent during prehistoric times.
History: The Greek
Influence
• Hippocrates and Aristotle
(400 - 300 BCE)
– More attention directed to heredity
– Relation to humans
– Mostly related to sperm and egg
1600 - 1850: The Dawn of
Modern Biology
• Charles Darwin
• Gregor Mendel
• William Harvey
– Theory of epigenesis = an organism is
derived from substance present in the egg,
which differentiate into adult structures
during embryonic development
1600 - 1850: The Dawn of
Modern Biology
Gregor Mendel:
• Austrian monk
• born 1822
• While in monastery was put in charge of the
garden
• grew peas and other vegetables
• observed different traits in peas:
– some tall and other short
– some smooth and others wrinkled
Charles Darwin and
Evolution
• Born in England
• His father (a doctor) saw no future for a
naturalist so sent Charles to study medicine.
• Joined the Clergy and received his B.A. and
joined a survey ship to be the, “conversation
companion” to the captain.
• H.M.S. Beagle (1831-1836)
• At the same time of Darwin, Alfred Russel
Wallace similar theories.
Charles Darwin and
Evolution
• 1859 published the book-length statement of
evolutionary theory, “The Origin of
Species.”
– “The laws governing inheritance are quite
unknown; no one can say why the same
peculiarity in different individuals of the same
species, and in individuals of different species, is
sometimes inherited and sometimes not so; why
the child often reverts in certain characters to its
grandfather or grandmother or other much more
remote ancestor”
Charles Darwin and
Evolution
• Geological, geographical, and
biological observations convinced him
that existing species arose by descent
with modifications from other ancestral
species.
• Theory of Natural Selection
ACTIVITY (In groups of 2)
• CREATE A STORYBOOK! (10
PAGES)
• USING THE WORDS PROVIDED,
CREATE A STORYBOOK. USE
APPROPRIATE DEFINITIONS.
ACTIVITY
• USING THE WORDS (plus 3 more):
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Genetics
Heredity
Darwin
Hippocrates
Aristotle
Mendel
Harvey
Domestication
ACTIVITY
1. Come up with a list of traits:
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The group with the longest list will get extra
credit!
ACTIVITY
1. Come up with a list of traits:
–
The group with the longest list will get extra
credit!
2. Label which traits are:
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Genetic
Environmental
Combination
ACTIVITY - group
1. Cheetah!
1. Read articles about the cheetah and the related
genetic issues for the species
2. Provide facts to the class about the articles
•
Take notes on the facts
GLE: 1.2.7
Students will be able to understand that organisms pass on
information in their life cycle and that an organisms
characteristics are determined by both genetic and
environmental influences
Genetics in your world!
Advances in Agriculture and
Medicine from Genetics!
• Plants (results in more food):
– Improved in 4 major ways:
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Enhanced potential of more growth
Increased resistance to pests & predators
Increased nutritional amounts
Combination of traits from 2 strains
– Ex) Cauliflower/broccoli, rye/wheat, apple/pear
Advances cont…
• Livestock - SUPER Animals!
– Domestication of animals
– Artificial insemination
– Selective Breeding procedures:
• Chickens grow faster
• Produce higher quality eggs
• More meat per animal
Advances Cont.
• Medical Discoveries
– Cancer is a cell level genetic disorder
– Genetic counseling for couples
– Immunogenetics makes transplants and
transfusions possible
– DNA techniques to manipulate cloning
– Human genome project!
Make notes of:
• Important concept:
– History of genetics
– Advances in Agriculture and Medicine
• Important words:
– Genetics
– Gene
– Heredity
ACTIVITY (In groups of 2)
• IN GROUPS TAKE 15 MINUTES AND
REWRITE / SUMMARIZE THE
HISTORY IN YOUR OWN WORDS