Transcript Genetics Notes

Genetics
Chapter 8
Gregor Mendel: Father of Genetics
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Genetics: study of
heredity
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Heredity: passing
traits from parent to
offspring
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Used peas to study
heredity
Why Peas?
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1. Several Traits
2. Control mating
3. Small, grow easily, and matures
quickly
Alleles: Different versions of a gene
Ex: White and Purple Flowers
Mendel’s Experiment
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Monohybrid Cross: One pair of contrasting
traits.
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Ex: Mating a plant with purple flowers with white
flowers
True-breeding: All offspring would have
only one form of the trait
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Ex: Purple-flowering plant only has purpleflowered offspring
Mendel’s Experiments
Vocabulary
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Dominant: (A)
 Expressed in appearance when the individual has
one copy
Recessive: (a)
 Not noticeable in appearance when individual has
one copy
 Individual must have two copies of recessive
allele to express the trait
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Homozygous: AA or aa
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Heterozygous: Aa
More Vocabulary
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Genotype: Genetic make up (ex: Pp)
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Phenotype: Appearance (ex: Purple flowers)
Punnett Square
Ratios
Test Cross
Law of Segregation
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Alleles for a trait
separate when gametes
are formed
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50% chance that one
allele will go into a
gamete
Law of Independent Assortment
Alleles of
different genes
separate
independently
of each other
during meiosis
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Dihybrid Cross: Cross that involve two traits