MOTIVATION & EMOTIONS - Social Studies School Service
Download
Report
Transcript MOTIVATION & EMOTIONS - Social Studies School Service
Motivation & Emotion
Slide # 1
Instinct Theory
William James
Humans are
motivated by a
variety of instincts
Instincts: inherited
tendencies that are
not subject to
reason
Slide # 2
Instincts
Present at Birth
Sucking reflex
Facial expressions
like smiling
Hunger, thirst,
warmth
Helping,
aggression, mate
selection
Slide # 3
Freud and
Instinct Theory
Freud believed that
instincts motivate
human behavior
Motivation is caused
by sexual and
aggressive instincts
Slide # 4
Today’s Views
Few psychologists
today subscribe to
instinct theory
Instinct theory
leaves out the roles
that learning and
culture play
Slide # 5
Evolutionary Theories
Motivation is a
product of evolution
Survey of 10,000
men and women in
33 countries on six
continents
What males want
What females want
Slide # 6
Drive Reduction Theory
By the 1950s, drive reduction theory
had replaced instinct theory
Clark Hull: biological needs demand
satisfaction (food, water, sleep)
Need: state of deprivation
Drive: state of bodily tension caused by
a need
Slide # 7
Drive Reduction (cont.)
Homeostasis = balance
Body temperature, blood sugar, and
oxygen levels
Habits
Slide # 8
Primary vs.
Secondary Drives
Primary (physiological, innate): hunger,
thirst, sexual desire.
Secondary (psychological, result of
experience): wealth, success, social
approval
Relation between primary and
secondary drives
Slide # 9
Harry Harlow
Challenged drive
reduction theory
Claimed that Hull
overlooked
important factors
Slide # 10