Transcript The Cell ppt.

The Cell
Cells are the basic unit of living things
Leeuwenhoek
• 1674
• First to describe cells
as seen through a
simple microscope
Robert Hooke
In 1665, Robert Hooke viewed cork samples. He
observed hollow boxes which he called cells.
• In the 1830’s Schleiden and Schwann
studied plant and animal cells.
Schleiden
All plants are made of cells.
Schwann
All animals are made of cells.
Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed of one or
more cells.
Cell Theory
2. The cell is the
basic unit of
organization for
organisms.
Cell Theory
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
BASIC CELL TYPES
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
• Primitive cells without
organelles.
• Lacks internal
structures surrounded
by membranes
• Lacks a true nucleus
• DNA is contained in the
nucleoid
• Most are single-celled
organisms
• Has membrane
bound structures
• Has a true nucleus
• Allows cells parts to
specialize in
particular functions
• Can be unicellular or
multicellular
• Membrane-bound
structures are called
organelles
• Allows different
chemical reactions to
take place
Eukaryote
Cell Structures
and
Functions
Plasma Membrane
• AKA: cell
membrane
• Location:
Surrounds the cell
• Function: boundary
between cell and
environment
Controls what goes
into and out of the
cell.
Cell Wall
• Location:
surrounds the
plasma
membrane in
plant cells
• Function:
support
Nucleus
• Location: center of the cell
• Function: manage cell functions
Nuclear Envelope
• Location: surround the nucleus
• Function: controls what goes into and out
of the nucleus
DNA
• Location: in the
nucleus, on the
chromosomes
• Function:
produce the
codes for protein
synthesis
Chromatin
• Location: in the nucleus, made from DNA
• Function: form chromosomes during cell
reproduction
Nucleolus
• Location: in the nucleus
• Function: produce ribosomes
Ribosomes
• Location: nucleolus, endoplasmic
reticulum, cytoplasm
• Function: assembles enzymes and
proteins for protein synthesis
Cytoplasm
• Location: from the nuclear envelope to
the cell membrane, surrounding the
organelles
• Function: a clear, jelly-like fluid that holds
the organelles in place
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Location:
within the
cytoplasm
• Function: site
of lipid
synthesis and
cell’s delivery
system
Golgi Apparatus
• Location: within
the cytoplasm
• Function:
Receives and
distributes the new
proteins from the
ER and distributes
substances from
the vesicles
Vacuole
• Location: within the
cytoplasm
• Function: temporary
storage of material
(food, water, waste,
enzymes)
• One large vacuole
in plants
• Many small
vacuoles in animals
Lysosomes
• Location: within
the cytoplasm
(animals only)
• Function: digest
enzymes, worn
out or extra cell
parts, food,
virus/bacteria
Mitochondria
• AKA: powerhouse
• Location: within cytoplasm
• Function: breaks down food to release
energy
Chloroplasts
• Location: within cytoplasm (plants only)
• Function: change light energy into usable
chemical energy
Chlorophyll: green pigment
that gives plants their color and
traps light
Belongs to a group of plant
organelles called plastids; which
are used for storage. They
store starches (carbs), lipids,
and pigments.
Cytoskeleton
• Location: Within the cytoplasm
• Function: provides support for organelles
Composed of microtubules and
microfilaments
microtubules: thin hollow
cylinders made of protein
microfilaments: solid protein
fibers
Cilia
• Location: outside of the cell, short, hair-like
• Function: move the cell
Flagella
• Location: outside the cell,
long, whip-like
• Function: move the cell
Centriole
• Location: in the
cytoplasm (animal
cells only)
• Function: aid in cell
division