Transcript G.971-General features of optical fibre submarine cable systems

Forum on:
Implementation of decisions of the World
Telecommunication Standardization Assembly-08
(WTSA-08)
Nadi, Fiji - 16 September 2009
Implementation of Optical
Submarine Systems as a
backbone infrastructure in the
Asia-Pacific region
Paolo Rosa
Head, Workshops and Promotion Division
Telecommunication
Standardization
Bureau
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
World submarine cable links
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
Functional Grouping of Rec.s on
Optical Technology (1)
Category
Recs
Optical fibres and G.650.1
cables: definitions
and test methods G.650.2
G.650.3
Optical fibres and G.651
cables: multimode G.651.1
fibres
Optical fibres and G.652
cables: singleG.653
mode fibres
G.654
G.655
G.656
G.657
Spectral grids
G.694.1
G.694.2
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
Title
Definition and test methods for linear, deterministic attributes of single
mode fibre and cable
Definition and test methods for statistical and non-linear related attributes
of single mode fibre and cable
Test methods for installed single-mode optical fibre cable links
Characteristics of a 50/125 m multimode graded index optical fibre cable
Characteristics of a 50/125 µm multimode graded index optical fibre cable
for the optical access network
Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable
Characteristics of dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable
Characteristics of a cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable
Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion shifted single-mode optical fibre
and cable
Characteristics of a fibre and cable with non-zero dispersion for wideband
transport
Characteristics of a Bending Loss Insensitive Single Mode Optical Fibre
and Cable for the Access Network
Spectral Grids for WDM Applications: DWDM Frequency Grid
Spectral Grids for WDM Applications: CWDM Wavelength Grid
Functional Grouping of Rec.s on
Optical Technology (2)
Category
Physical optical
interfaces
Recs
G.691
G.692
G.693
G.695
G.696.1
G.698.1
G.698.2
G.957
G.959.1
G.640
Free space optical
systems
All Optical Networks G.680
Optical monitoring
G.697
Optical safety
G.664
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
Title
Optical interfaces for single-channel STM-64, STM 256 and
other SDH systems with optical interfaces
Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical
amplifiers
Optical interfaces for intra-office applications
Optical interfaces for Coarse WDM multiplexing applications
Longitudinally Compatible Intra Domain DWDM applications
Multichannel DWDM applications with single channel optical
interfaces
Amplified multichannel DWDM applications with single
channel optical interfaces
Optical interfaces for equipment and systems relating to the
synchronous digital hierarchy
Optical transport networks physical layer interfaces
Co-location longitudinally compatible interfaces for free space
optical systems
Physical Transfer functions of Optical Networks Elements
Optical Monitoring for DWDM systems
Optical safety procedures and requirements for optical
transport systems
Functional Grouping of ITU-T Rec.s on
Optical Technology (3)
Category
Recs
Title
Optical amplifiers,
components and
subsystems
G.661
G.666
G.667
G.671
G.971
G.972
G.973
Definition and test methods for the relevant generic parameters of optical
amplifier devices and subsystems
Generic characteristics of optical amplifier devices and subsystems
Application related aspects of optical amplifier devices and sub-systems
Generic characteristics of Raman amplifiers and Raman amplified
subsystems
Characteristics of PMD compensators and PMD Compensating Receivers
Characteristics of Adaptive Chromatic Dispersion Compensators
Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems
General features of optical fibre submarine cable systems
Definition of terms relevant to optical fibre submarine systems
Characteristics of repeaterless optical fibre submarine cable systems
G.974
Characteristics of regenerative optical fibre submarine cable systems
G.975
Forward error correction for submarine systems
Optical fibre
submarine cable
systems
G.662
G.663
G.665
G.975.1
G.976
Test methods applicable to optical fibre submarine cable systems
G.977
Characteristics of optically amplified optical fibre submarine cable
systems
Characteristics of optical fibre submarine cables
G.978
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
Forward error correction for high bit rate DWDM submarine systems
Construction, protection, installation
and maintenance:
L-series ITU-T Recommendations
• Construction, installation and maintenance of all
types of terrestrial and shallow water cables for
public telecommunications, including optical
cables, and the associated hardware.
• Installation, jointing, protection and maintenance
of cables.
• Reliability and security, cable performance, field
deployment and integrity of installations for
mixed transmission media, such as hybrid fibre /
copper cables.
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ITU-T Recommendations on
spectral grids
DENSE WDM: G.694.1, G.692, G.698.1, G.698.2 and G.959.1.
Definition of frequency grids to support DWDM applications.
Four specific frequency grids defined:
• 12.5 - 25 GHz - 50 GHz - 100 GHz spacing
All four frequency grids include 193.1 THz
No frequency limits beyond which the grid is not defined.
Additional wider spacing frequency grids can be used by taking integer multiples
of 100 GHz spacing i.e. 200 GHz, 300 GHz, 400 GHz, etc.
COARSE WDM: G.694.2, G.695
Definition of a wavelength grid to support CWDM applications.
Designed to allow simultaneous transmission of several wavelengths with
sufficient separation to permit the use of uncooled sources.
Channel spacing of 20 nm determined mainly by three factors:
• the laser manufacturer is allowed a wavelength variation around the nominal
wavelength in order to achieve a higher yield and/or relax fabrication tolerances
• the use of uncooled lasers will cause the wavelength to change with temperature
within the specified temperature range of the laser.
• sufficient guardband between the channels to allow the use of low cost filter
technologies.
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
Optical Submarine
Cables
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The elements
• Terrestrial Terminals Equipment,
Repeaters & Optical Amplifiers
• Branching Units (active / passive)
• Cables, structures (AA,A,LW,L)
• Deep sea and beach cable joints
• The power feeding equipment
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
Type of Fibers: G.65x Series
• non-dispersion shifted Single-Mode Fibre (SMF)
defined in [G.652];
• Dispersion Shifted single-mode Fibre (DSF)
defined in [G.653];
• Cut-off Shifted single-mode Fibre (CSF) defined
in [G.654];
• Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted single-mode Fibre
(NZDSF) defined in [G.655];
• Wideband Non-Zero Dispersion single-mode Fibre
(WNZDF) defined in [G.656].
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
G.971-General features of optical
fibre submarine cable systems
Land portion (1004)
TTE(1010)
O
Submarine portion (1005)
CTE(1014)
Optical
submarine
repeater
(1020)
Repeater
BU
(1022)
Land portion (1004)
Repeater
Repeater
S
A
TTE
CTE
R
B
I
B
Elementary
cable section
(1028)
Supervisory
section
(2007)
Maintenance PFE(1013)
controller
(1012)
A
Repeater
Repeater
PFE
Maintenance
controller
CTE
TTE
B
Optical fibre submarine cable (1019)
Optical fibre land cable (1018)
Optical fibre station cable (1017)
Electrical cable
Optical interface (2009)
System interface (2008)
A
Cable
Jointing
Box (5013)
PFE
Maintenance
controller
G.971(07)_F01
NOTE
NOTE
NOTE
NOTE
1
2
3
4
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A denotes system interface.
B denotes landing points or beach joints (1006).
X denotes cable jointing box (5013).
Number in brackets relate to [ITU-T G.972].
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
Cables Parameters and definitions
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Submarine portion: see [G.972] (1005).
Optical submarine repeater: see [G.972] (1020).
Cable Breaking Load: see [G.972] (5007).
Double Armoured Cable: see [G.972] (5004).
Fibre-Breaking Cable Load: see [G.972] (5008).
Minimum Cable Bending Radius: see [G.972] (5032).
Nominal Operating Tensile Strength: see [G.972]
(5010).
Nominal Permanent Tensile Strength: see [G.972]
(5009).
Nominal Transient Tensile Strength: see [G.972]
(5011).
Rock Armoured Cable: see [G.972] (5005).
Single Armoured Cable: see [G.972] (5003).
Relative Dispersion to Slope: see [G-Sup.40] (2006).
Terminal Transmission Equipment: see [G.972] (1010).
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
Optical amplification:
a) EDFA Multichannel application
b) Raman amplification
a)
EDFA: atoms are pumped to a high energy state and then drop to a lower state, releasing
their energy when a suitable wavelength photon passes nearby.
b)
Raman Scattering: nonlinear interaction between the signal and a pump laser within an optical
fibre. As light travels down the fiber, energy is coupled from the shorter wavelength channels,
boosting the amplitude of the longer wavelength (90 nm shift)
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
From design to operation
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First idea & evaluation of alternatives (MIUs)
The first design & restoring techniques
The survey and implementation design
The power budget & Straight Line Diagram
Quality Assurance program, factory
inspections and elements qualification
The manufacturing process and testing
The loading, system integration & monitoring
The laying & monitoring
The final splice & commissioning tests
The service
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
Restoring and Maintenance
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Submarine system as a space satellite
Agreements for deposits of spare parts
Programming restoring and qualifications
Rerouting
Reparation
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CS Vercors cableship: work
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CS Vercors cableship: enjoy…
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NEXT ACHIEVEMENTS
• Multi-wavelength (up to 64 Coarse and
Dense) bi-directional
• 3rd windows (1 550 nm)
• Bit rate up to 10 Gbit/s per
fiber/direction/wavelength
• Maximum span length with optical amplifiers
up to 150 km, 700 km regeneration span
• Maximum capacity 1.2 TBit/s => 5.12 TBit/s
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009
Thank you
ITU
Committed to Connecting the World
Paolo ROSA
Head, Workshop and Promotion Division
ITU - Telecommunication Standardization Bureau
[email protected]
Forum Fiji 16 September 2009