Transcript PSJ1409

Development
of cryogenic payload
for KAGRA V
K. Yamamoto, R. TakahashiA, H. Tanaka, T. Miyamoto, K. Ono, T. Sekiguchi,
Y. Sakakibara, M. Kamiizumi, E. Hirose, A. Khalaidovski, R. Kumar,
T. Uchiyama, S. Miyoki, T. AkutsuA, H. IshizakiA, T. SuzukiB, N. KimuraB,
T. TomaruB, S. KoikeB, Y. AsoA, T. UshibaC, D. ChenD, K. SomiyaE,
R. DeSalvoF, E. MajoranaG, L. NaticchioniG, W. JohnsonH, A. CummingI,
R. DouglasI, K. HaughianI, I. MartinI, P. MurrayI, G. HammondI , S. RowanI ,
G. HofmannJ, C. SchwarzJ, D. HeinertJ, R. NawrodtJ, KAGRA collaboration
ICRR.UT, NAOJA, KEKB, Phys.S.UTC, Astro.S.UTD, S.TITE,
Sannio Univ.F, INFNG, Louisiana State Univ.H , University of GlasgowI,
Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet JenaJ
2014 September 20
The meeting of Physical Society of Japan
@Honjo campus, Saga University, Saga, Saga
1
0. Abstract
Although there are many topics, here,
I will explain
(1)Cryostat
(2)Monolithic sapphire suspension
2
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Introduction
Cryostat
Sapphire suspension
Summary
3
1. Introduction
Schematic view of KAGRA interferometer
Four mirrors of arm cavity will be cooled.
Mozumi
Y-end
Sakonishi
X-end
Atotsu
Center
Kamioka mine
(Underground site)
Vibration isolation system, Cryocooler unit, Cryostat,
Cryogenic payload
4
1. Introduction
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
14 m
5
1. Introduction
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
14 m
Vibration
Isolation
Cryostat
Cryogenic
mirror
6
1. Introduction
Outline of cryostat
to SAS
Cryostat
Stainless steel t20mm
Diameter 2.6m
Height ~3.6m
M ~ 10 ton
Cryogenic
payload
Mirror
4 Low vibration
cryocooler unit
Cryo-coolers
Pulse tube, 60Hz
0.9 W at 4K (2nd)
36 W at 50K (1st)
Remote
valve unit
S. Koike
7
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
Heat link (pure Al or Cu)
Heat link (pure Al or Cu)
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
Sapphire
fiber
Sapphire mirror (About 20K)
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
8
1. Introduction
Cryo duct
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
2 Pulse tube
cryocoolers
Baffles
Radiation shield
2 Pulse tube
cryocoolers
9
2. Cryostat
One year ago, the cryostats were moved to the
warehouse near Kamioka.
10
2. Cryostat
In this August, the first cryostat was installed at Y
end !
Y end
Y arm
X arm
New Atotsu
11
2. Cryostat
Cryostat in warehouse
12
2. Cryostat
In front of the warehouse ….
13
2. Cryostat
In front of warehouse …
14
2. Cryostat
Mission on the midnight …
15
2. Cryostat
Cart in front of entrance of KAGRA site
16
2. Cryostat
Cryostat on the cart at KAGRA site entrance !
17
2. Cryostat
In tunnel
18
2. Cryostat
In tunnel …
19
2. Cryostat
Y end
20
2. Cryostat
Y end
21
2. Cryostat
Y end
22
2. Cryostat
In this October, the second cryostat will be installed
at X end !
Y end
X end
Y arm
X arm
New Atotsu
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2. Cryostat
Cryo duct
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
2 Pulse tube
cryocoolers
Baffles
Radiation shield
Y. Sakakibara talk
2 Pulse tube
cryocoolers
24
2. Cryostat
Cryo duct
Cryostat
Scattered light
Duct
Baffle
Mirror
Baffle
Duct
Y. Sakakibara talk (Measurement of radiation through duct,
evaluation of scattered light noise)
25
3. Sapphire suspension
“Sapphire monolithic
lop-eared suspension”
One of the most important
parts of KAGRA :
Main sapphire mirrors
are included.
All parts are made
from sapphire.
26
3. Sapphire suspension
D. Chen talk
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
27
3. Sapphire suspension
Current status
1. R&D for components
(fiber, bonding technique …)
Strength, thermal resistance, mechanical loss …
Largest concern : Mechanical loss, especially,
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
We will measure soon !
2. Prototype
One fiber prototype
Full size prototype
28
3. Sapphire suspension
Strength test of sapphire fibers with nail heads
in Glasgow (G. Hammond, E. Majorana)
Fiber suspended weight. Moreover, weight was
swung or pulled.
Broken jointed end
Broken jointed end
15kg test hang
29
3. Sapphire suspension
Strength test of sapphire fibers with nail heads
in Glasgow (G. Hammond, E. Majorana)
Fiber suspend weight. Moreover, weight was swung
or pulled.
G. Hammond reported in ELiTES meeting
(December 2013).
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
Safety factor derived from measurement : 3 - 16
Broken jointed end
30
3. Sapphire suspension
HCB shear strength test at cryogenic temperature
(Strength vs crystal direction)
Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian
Requirement : 1 MPa
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
31
3. Sapphire suspension
Strength of HCB after thermal cycle (D. Chen)
32
3. Sapphire suspension
Strength of HCB after thermal cycle (D. Chen)
33
3. Sapphire suspension
Thermal resistance
Paper about thermal conductivity measurement
sapphire fibers with nail heads was accepted !
Thermal conductivity is enough high for KAGRA.
34
3. Sapphire suspension
Thermal resistance (HCB and indium bonding,
D. Chen)
Further investigation is necessary,
but, this result does not look bad …
35
3. Sapphire suspension
Mechanical dissipation
Sapphire fiber with nail head (D. Chen, E. Majorana)
Rome
Long fiber, reproducibility …
36
3. Sapphire suspension
Mechanical dissipation
Mechanical loss of indium (Jena) : D. Chen talk
Mechanical loss of HCB will be measured soon.
37
3. Sapphire suspension
Mechanical dissipation
Thermal noise calculation (D. Chen, R. Kumar)
Mechanical loss of indium looks enough small.
38
3. Sapphire suspension
One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time,
for smaller risk of full size prototype)
(D. Chen, H. Tanaka)
Assembly : October
39
3. Sapphire suspension
Full size prototype
Preparation for (similar size) prototype of
lop-eared is in progress.
40
3. Sapphire suspension
Cleaning up of cooled sapphire mirror
Cooled sapphire mirror is contaminated (gas).
Warming up in short time is necessary.
41
3. Sapphire suspension
Warming up by CO2 laser
T. Tomaru talk
42
Acknowledgement
ELiTES: ET-LCGT interferometric Telescope
Exchange of Scientists
Grant for collaboration about cryogenic
between KAGRA and ET
European 7th Framework Programme
Marie Curie action (Mar. 2012 - Feb. 2016)
European people can visit Japan
for KAGRA.
43
7. Summary
Cryostat
The first (second) cryostats was (will be) installed
at Y (X) - end of KAGRA site on August (October).
Cryo duct
Heat transmittance
and scattered light noise (Y. Sakakibara talk)
44
7. Summary
Sapphire lop-eared monolithic suspension
(D. Chen talk)
R&D for components
Concern : Mechanical loss, especially,
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding.
We will measure soon !
Prototype (one fiber, full size)
Preparation is in progress.
Cleaning up of contaminated cooled sapphire mirror
Warming up by CO2 laser in short time
(T. Tomaru talk)
45
Thank you for your attention !
46
3. Sapphire suspension
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
Quality check under collaboration with ET (ELiTES)
Q-value
Measurement in Glasgow, Jena, Rome and Tokyo
Thermal conductivity
Measurement in Jena, Rome and Tokyo
Strength
Measurement in Glasgow
47
3. Sapphire suspension
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
Latest summary of Q and thermal conductivity
Moltech
IMPEX
KAGRA
requirement
Q-value
107
at 20K
Thermal
Conductivity 3000
at 20K [W/m/K]
1*106
-6*106
5*106
5000
-6000
5000
IMPEX fibers satisfy the KAGRA requirement.
48
3. Sapphire suspension
Bonding between sapphire fibers
and sapphire mirror
Diffusion bonding
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding (AdLIGO and Virgo)
If fibers are broken, bonding parts must be taken
apart …
Candidates : Indium, Optical contact, Screws
Test (in progress or near future plan)
Strength test (tensile and shear) : KEK
Thermal resistance : ICRR
Mechanical dissipation : Jena and Glasgow
(ELiTES)
49
3. Sapphire suspension
Bonding between sapphire fibers
and sapphire mirror
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
OH - ions from the
bonding solution
fill any open bonds
on the surface
Silicate molecule
breaking away from
the bulk and into the
bonding solution
OH - ions form weak
bonds with surface Si
atoms
Bonding
solution with
OH OH OH OH
lots of free
OH - ions
Si
O
Si
Si
Si
O
O
Bonding solution with
lots of free OH ions Si(OH) -5
OH
OH
OH Si
Si
O
OH
Si
O
O
O
O
Bonds between the Si
Bulk Silica
atoms and the bulkweaken
due to the extra OH- ions
bonding to the Si atom
Bulk Silica
OH
SiO2 Si
H
H2O
OH
OH H O Si
i
OH
OH
H
H
H2O
OH
OH H O Si
OH
H2O
OH
OH H O Si
OH
SiO2
OH H
Bond
Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013).
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
50
3. Sapphire suspension
Bonding between sapphire fibers
and sapphire mirror
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
(Rebecca Douglas[Glasgow],
GWADW2013).
Strength (about 60 MPa)
measured by her is 10 times larger
than those of previous papers.
T. Suzuki et al., Journal of Physics; Conference Series 32(2006)309.
A. Dari et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 27(2010)045010.
Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian stayed in
Japan in the last autumn.
Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013).
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
51
7. For future
Some items for future research (not perfect list)
(a)Investigation material properties
(Q, thermal conductivity, strength etc.)
of coating, fiber and so on.
(b)Sapphire bonding, Sapphire fiber clamp
(c)Control and damping scheme
Actuators and sensors at cryogenic temperature
(d) Mechanical and thermal simulation for payload
(e) Vertical spring in cryostat
(f) Reduction of initial cooling time
Thermal resistance of clamp ....
(g) Baffles for scattered light in radiation shield
(h) Assembly procedure
52
8. Summary
Cryostat : Assembly is in progress.
Cooling test is coming soon.
Cryogenic duct : Optimum position of 5 buffles
Future work : scattered light
Cryocooler unit :
Cooling test and vibration measurement : OK
Cryogenic payload
Preparation for 1/4 cryostat to check
payload performance is in progress.
Current main R&D topics
Inital cooling time, Sapphire fiber with nail head,
Coating mechanical loss, Vibration of shield
53
2. Issues
(1)How to assemble
Details of construction, clean room ….
(2)Strength
Tensile strength, development of clamp,
sapphire bonding …
(3)Control and damping system
to reduce fluctuation and instability
Actuators (what and where),
resonant mode (frequency and Q)
and so on
54
2. Issues
(4)Cooling
Temperature of mirror (below 20 K),
initial cooling time,
heat resistance of clamp …
(5)Noise
Thermal noise, vibration via
vibration isolation system and heat links …
55
5. Other topics
Metal blade spring for vertical vibration isolation
Cryogenic test is in progress in Kashiwa.
Q measurement of wires to suspend masses (except
for mirror) is in progress (tungsten, CuBe, …)
Measurement of magnetism
of mass and black coating
Control system
Cryogenic tests are in progress.
Stepping motor to adjust angle of masses : KEK
Optical sensor (a candidate
to monitor mass motion) : ICRR56
4. Sapphire fibers
After Yusuke left …. Clamp for IMPEX fibers in Jena
57
4. Sapphire fibers
Profile measurement in Glasgow
58
5. Sapphire suspension
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
Q measurement in Jena
59