Transcript PSJ1503

Development
of cryogenic payload
for KAGRA VI
K. YamamotoA, A. KhalaidovskiA, T. MiyamotoA, Y. SakakibaraA, H. TanakaA,
T. UchiyamaA, T. AkutsuB, A. HagiwaraC, N. KimuraC, R. KumarC, T. KumeC,
S. KoikeC, I. MurakamiC, T. SuzukiC, S. TerashimaC, T. TomaruC, K. ToyodaC,
D. ChenD, R. DeSalvoE, E. MajoranaF, L. NaticchioniF, W. JohnsonG,
K. CraigH, A. CummingH, R. DouglasH, G. HammondH , K. HaughianH,
I. MartinH, P. MurrayH, S. RowanH , D. HeinertI, G. HofmannI, J. KommaI,
S. KrokerI, R. NawrodtI, C. SchwarzI, KAGRA collaboration
ICRR.UTA, NAOJB, KEKC, Astro.S.UTD,
Sannio Univ.E, INFNF, Louisiana State Univ.G , University of GlasgowH,
Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet JenaI
2015 March 22
The meeting of Physical Society of Japan
@Waseda campus, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
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2
0. Abstract
Although there are many topics, here,
I will explain
(1)Activity of cryogenic group
at KAGRA site
(2)Recent progress of cryogenic payload
3
Contents
1.Introduction
2.Activities at KAGRA site
3.Prototype of cryo payload
4.Sapphire suspension
5.Summary
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1. Introduction
Schematic view of KAGRA interferometer
Four mirrors of arm cavity will be cooled in order to
reduce thermal noise.
Mozumi
Y-end
Sakonishi
X-end
Atotsu
Center
Kamioka mine
(Underground site)
Vibration isolation system, Cryocooler unit, Cryostat,
Cryogenic payload
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1. Introduction
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
Design drawing without
tunnel and cross section
Vacuum
ducts
along laser
beam
Vibration
isolation
system
(room
temperature)
14 m
A. Hagiwara
Clean
booth
Cryostat
(Here is a mirror)
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1. Introduction
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
Design drawing with tunnel
and cross section
Vibration
isolation
system
2nd floor
A. Hagiwara
14 m
Shaft
Clean
booth
Vacuum
ducts
along laser
beam
Cryostat
(Here is a mirror)
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1. Introduction
Outline of cryostat
Cryostat
Stainless steel t20mm
Diameter 2.6m
Height ~3.6m
M ~ 10 ton
to
Vibration
isolation
system
Cryo- payload
Mirror
View
ports
Double radiation shield
A. Hagiwara
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1. Introduction
Schematic view of cryo-payload
Sapphire suspension
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
Cryo-payload
Sapphire
fiber
Sapphire mirror (About 20K)
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2. Activities at KAGRA site
KAGRA tunnel excavation was finished one year ago.
What did cryogenic group at KAGRA site in the last
half year ? (N. Kimura(leader), T. Suzuki, T. Tomaru, T. Kume,
D. Chen, Y. Sakakibara, H.Tanaka. T. Miyamoto)
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2. Activities at KAGRA site
(1)All four cryostats were carried in the site
(18 Nov. 2014).
All of them were fixed on the ground (26 Feb. 2015).
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2. Activities at KAGRA site
(2) No leaks were found (both end cryostats).
< Leak test >
KAGRA requirement < 1x10-10 Pa*m3/sec
Detector background 1x10-12 Pa*m3/sec
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2. Activities at KAGRA site
(3) Cryocoolers and cryo duct are connected to
cryostat (center room, by the beginning of April).
Cryostat
Cryo duct
Cryocooler
(In total, four cryocoolers)
Y front cryostat
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2. Activities at KAGRA site
(4) Seismic motion measurement
Seismic motion is
as small as we expected !
We have plan for long
observation (K. Hayama talk).
T. Tomaru, 3rd ELiTES meeting,
https://events.egogw.it/indico/getFile.py/access?contribId=11&sessionId=3&resId=0&materialId=slides&confId=16
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
Two kinds of full size prototypes for development
Those are our important next step !
(1)Cryo-payload with dummy sapphire suspension
This is almost same as the actual cryo-payload.
Parts of “sapphire” suspension is a dummy
(made from metal).
(2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension
A part of cryo-payload
Main sapphire mirrors are included.
All parts are made from sapphire.
Current status : Procurement is in progress.
Some parts were delivered ! 15
3. Prototype of cryo payload
(1)Cryo-payload with dummy sapphire suspension
Latest (not final) CAD design
drawings by A. Hagiwara
Still many items have no CAD
design drawings ….
Platform
Intermediate masses
Mirror
Recoil mass
A. Hagiwara
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(1)Cryo-payload with dummy sapphire suspension
Local sensor and actuator
to adjust angle of sapphire mirror
Cryogenic test is necessary
(T. Miyamoto talk).
A. Hagiwara
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(1)Cryo-payload with dummy sapphire suspension
Intermediate masses
We ordered VIC
(http://www.vic-int.co.jp/)
and the parts were delivered.
Dummy mirror and Recoil mass
Processing in Mechanical
Engineering Center of KEK
delivered.
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(1)Cryo-payload with dummy sapphire suspension
Dummy mirror and ears (stainless)
23 kg
150 mm
Size is the same as KAGRA
mirror.
Recoil mass
220 mm
Ears (stainless)
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(1)Cryo-payload with dummy sapphire suspension
Intermediate masses
Upper
Dummy blade spring
Lower
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(1)Cryo-payload with dummy sapphire suspension
Assembly
T. Miyamoto
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(1)Cryo-payload with dummy sapphire suspension
Assembly
T. Miyamoto
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension
“Sapphire monolithic
lop-eared suspension”
One of the most important
parts of KAGRA :
Main sapphire mirrors
are included.
All parts are made
from sapphire.
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension
Blade spring
(compensation of
fiber length
difference)
Fiber with
nail head on
both ends
Flat cut
Ear
A. Hagiwara
Mirror
Nail head of
fiber
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension
When fibers are broken,
they can be removed !
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension
Processing of two flat cut on barrel surface
IMPEX (Germany), ARD-OPTICS Ltd (Armenia)
Sapphire cylinder (Shinkosha)
as dummy mirror
Size is similar to that KAGRA mirror.
It was delivered !
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension
Blade spring
(Shikosha)
We have 3
pieces.
2 pieces are
coming soon.
Ears (IMPEX,
ARD-OPTICS) were
delivered !
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3. Prototype of cryo payload
(2)Sapphire lop-eared suspension
Four sapphire fibers with nail heads : IMPEX
They will be delivered soon !
Q-values should be measured.
Development of measurement system:H. Tanaka talk
Julius Komma joined measurement
(supported by ELiTES).
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4.Sapphire suspension
R&D for components
(1)Current status
R&D for fundamental items
Large strength (to suspend sapphire mirror)
Small thermal resistance
(to extract heat absorbed in mirror)
Small mechanical loss (smaller thermal noise)
Almost all items have already been checked !
Mainly by Dan Chen (and ELiTES guests)
Here highlights and open issues are introduced.
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4.Sapphire suspension
(2)Thermal noise
Calculation (D. Chen) based on measurement by
himself
Thermal noise is smaller than KAGRA sensitivity !
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4.Sapphire suspension
(2)Thermal noise
Calculation (D. Chen) based on measurement by
himself
Rahul Kumar considered the loss
around blade spring clamp carefully (his talk).
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4.Sapphire suspension
(3)Blade spring
Compensation
of differences between sapphire fiber length
R. Kumar, GWADW2014
(http://www.gravity.ircs.titech.ac.jp/GWADW2014/slide/Rahul_
Kumar.pdf)
Shinkosha
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4.Sapphire suspension
(3)Blade spring
Sapphire blade spring
6kg mass
(1/4 of KAGRA mirror)
Nail head of
sapphire fiber
D. Chen, J. Komma,
H. Tanaka, Y. Liu
Four blade springs can support one KAGRA mirror !
Resonant frequency of vertical mode
Measurement : 14.3 Hz, Calculation : 14.4 Hz
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4.Sapphire suspension
(3)Blade spring
Drift with load
D. Chen, H. Tanaka
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4.Sapphire suspension
(3)Blade spring
D. Chen, H. Tanaka
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4.Sapphire suspension
(4)Indium bonding
Indium on both ends of sapphire fiber
When fibers are broken, they can be removed.
Melting point of indium : 157 degree Celsius
Dan confirmed that indium has enough small
thermal resistance and mechanical loss.
How is indium between sapphire parts melted?
D. Chen, H. Tanaka
ELiTES guests (J. Komma, D. Vine, M M. Herrera,
K. Haughian, P. Murray, R. Nawrodt)
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4.Sapphire suspension
(4)Indium bonding
How is indium between sapphire parts melted?
Halogen lamp looks promising.
We need not to attach anything on sapphire parts.
This lamp emits near infrared light
transmitted by sapphire.
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4.Sapphire suspension
(4)Indium bonding
Halogen lamp works !
(simple blocks)
Indium
We must
consider the
case with real
suspension.
Sapphire block
David Vine, Mariela Masso Herrera, Karen Haughian, Peter
Murray, Ronny Nawrodt (supported by ELiTES)
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Ph.D. theses
Dr. Yusuke Sakakibara
A Study of Cryogenic Techniques
for Gravitational Wave Detection
Cooling time of payload
and cyro duct to reduce 300K radiation propagation
Dr. Dan Chen
Study of a cryogenic suspension system
for the gravitational wave telescope KAGRA
Sapphire suspension and vibration from cooling system
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Acknowledgement
ELiTES: ET-LCGT interferometric Telescope
Exchange of Scientists
Grant for collaboration about cryogenic
between KAGRA and ET
European 7th Framework Programme
Marie Curie action (Mar. 2012 - Feb. 2016)
European people can visit Japan
for KAGRA.
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5. Summary
Activities at KAGRA site
All four cryostats were fixed at KAGRA site.
Cryocoolers and cryo ducts are being connected
to cryostats.
Prototype of cryo payload
Procurement is in progress.
Some parts were delivered !
Sapphire suspension
Sapphire blade spring can support KAGRA mirror.
For indium bonding, halgen lamp can be useful.
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5. Summary
Presentaions after this summary talk
Rahul Kumar : design and thermal noise estimation
of sapphire suspension
Takahiro Miyamoto :
Development of tilt adjustment system
Hiroki Tanaka :
Measurement of Q-values of sapphire fibers
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Thank you for your attention !
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3. Sapphire suspension
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
Quality check under collaboration with ET (ELiTES)
Q-value
Measurement in Glasgow, Jena, Rome and Tokyo
Thermal conductivity
Measurement in Jena, Rome and Tokyo
Strength
Measurement in Glasgow
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3. Sapphire suspension
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
Latest summary of Q and thermal conductivity
Moltech
IMPEX
KAGRA
requirement
Q-value
107
at 20K
Thermal
Conductivity 3000
at 20K [W/m/K]
1*106
-6*106
5*106
5000
-6000
5000
IMPEX fibers satisfy the KAGRA requirement.
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3. Sapphire suspension
Bonding between sapphire fibers
and sapphire mirror
Diffusion bonding
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding (AdLIGO and Virgo)
If fibers are broken, bonding parts must be taken
apart …
Candidates : Indium, Optical contact, Screws
Test (in progress or near future plan)
Strength test (tensile and shear) : KEK
Thermal resistance : ICRR
Mechanical dissipation : Jena and Glasgow
(ELiTES)
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3. Sapphire suspension
Bonding between sapphire fibers
and sapphire mirror
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
OH - ions from the
bonding solution
fill any open bonds
on the surface
Silicate molecule
breaking away from
the bulk and into the
bonding solution
OH - ions form weak
bonds with surface Si
atoms
Bonding
solution with
OH OH OH OH
lots of free
OH - ions
Si
O
Si
Si
Si
O
O
Bonding solution with
lots of free OH ions Si(OH) -5
OH
OH
OH Si
Si
O
OH
Si
O
O
O
O
Bonds between the Si
Bulk Silica
atoms and the bulkweaken
due to the extra OH- ions
bonding to the Si atom
Bulk Silica
OH
SiO2 Si
H
H2O
OH
OH H O Si
i
OH
OH
H
H
H2O
OH
OH H O Si
OH
H2O
OH
OH H O Si
OH
SiO2
OH H
Bond
Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013).
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
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3. Sapphire suspension
Bonding between sapphire fibers
and sapphire mirror
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
(Rebecca Douglas[Glasgow],
GWADW2013).
Strength (about 60 MPa)
measured by her is 10 times larger
than those of previous papers.
T. Suzuki et al., Journal of Physics; Conference Series 32(2006)309.
A. Dari et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 27(2010)045010.
Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian stayed in
Japan in the last autumn.
Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013).
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
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7. For future
Some items for future research (not perfect list)
(a)Investigation material properties
(Q, thermal conductivity, strength etc.)
of coating, fiber and so on.
(b)Sapphire bonding, Sapphire fiber clamp
(c)Control and damping scheme
Actuators and sensors at cryogenic temperature
(d) Mechanical and thermal simulation for payload
(e) Vertical spring in cryostat
(f) Reduction of initial cooling time
Thermal resistance of clamp ....
(g) Baffles for scattered light in radiation shield
(h) Assembly procedure
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8. Summary
Cryostat : Assembly is in progress.
Cooling test is coming soon.
Cryogenic duct : Optimum position of 5 buffles
Future work : scattered light
Cryocooler unit :
Cooling test and vibration measurement : OK
Cryogenic payload
Preparation for 1/4 cryostat to check
payload performance is in progress.
Current main R&D topics
Inital cooling time, Sapphire fiber with nail head,
Coating mechanical loss, Vibration of shield
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2. Issues
(1)How to assemble
Details of construction, clean room ….
(2)Strength
Tensile strength, development of clamp,
sapphire bonding …
(3)Control and damping system
to reduce fluctuation and instability
Actuators (what and where),
resonant mode (frequency and Q)
and so on
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2. Issues
(4)Cooling
Temperature of mirror (below 20 K),
initial cooling time,
heat resistance of clamp …
(5)Noise
Thermal noise, vibration via
vibration isolation system and heat links …
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5. Other topics
Metal blade spring for vertical vibration isolation
Cryogenic test is in progress in Kashiwa.
Q measurement of wires to suspend masses (except
for mirror) is in progress (tungsten, CuBe, …)
Measurement of magnetism
of mass and black coating
Control system
Cryogenic tests are in progress.
Stepping motor to adjust angle of masses : KEK
Optical sensor (a candidate
to monitor mass motion) : ICRR53
4. Sapphire fibers
After Yusuke left …. Clamp for IMPEX fibers in Jena
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4. Sapphire fibers
Profile measurement in Glasgow
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5. Sapphire suspension
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
Q measurement in Jena
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