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DETECTION AND SURVEILLANCE Sheila Grant Department of Biological Engineering UMC University of Missouri Goal • Goal is to ensure that early and accurate detection is available for important pathogens and zoonotic pathogens in various environments and deployment mechanisms University of Missouri Methods of Introduction • • • • • Aerosol release Food supply Water supply Direct infection Direct exposure from infected people/animals University of Missouri How to Protect? Biological sensors Field RT-PCR Syndromic surveillance University of Missouri Integration of Surveillance Mechanisms Introduction of FAD Sensors: “Detect” Syndromic: “Increase vigilance” Detect? yes no Field PCR: “Increased surveillance” Provisional containment measures implemented yes Detect? no Laboratory confirmation Continue surveillance Implement response measures University of Missouri Sensor Development 1. Biological detection elements and transducer system 2. Microfabrication 3. (Aerosol collection) 4. Signal processing, transmission, and networking 5. Modeling University of Missouri Biological detection element and transducer systems Biosensor system Biological Detectors Transducers + = • antibodies •optical • peptides •acoustic wave • receptors •electrochemical bioterrorist agents University of Missouri FRET Immunosensor • measures the conformational changes that occurs when antibodies bind to select agents • technique can eliminate false positives since only viable agents can elicit a conformational change. lo l1 l2 DD Protein A University of Missouri Sensing Peptides Mechanical: Shear Horizontal-SAW (SH-SAW) biosensors will detect enzymes in an aqueous solution. This device will detect a change in wave propagation speed as the targeted enzyme in solution cleaves a specific peptide-construct, vastly increasing specificity. Optical: Additionally, labeled peptide-constructs can be immobilized to gold nanoparticles, which effectively quenches fluorescence. Upon interactions with target enzymes, the peptide is cleaved and fluorescence is enhanced. University of Missouri Ring resonator toxin sensor using fluorescence method Au nanoparticle SNARE Au nanoparticles spoil Q-factor Upconversion is inhibited Microsphere doped with Erbium at the surface 980 nm laser Upon SNARE cleavage, Au particles are released Upconversion is possible to detect University of Missouri Microfabrication and Nanotechnology Nanoporous waveguide materials Peristaltic Micro-pumps University of Missouri Signal detection on a chip Anodic Bonding between the two substrates Output Reservoir Excitation Window Detector Waste Chamber Light Micro channel with a Liquid guide Light guide Excitation source core waveguide Water PDMS Input Reservoir Analyte solution being pumped in Meandering Type Nanoporous Micro-mixer Silica Cross Detection Detection using using liquid solid core Inline corewave-guide wave-guide (LCW) University of Missouri Integrated Fluorescence Assay on a Chip Detector-covered wall Measurement Flowcell LASER Reference Diode D Donor Diode Acceptor Diode F1 F2 Short light pulses are generated by the laser and directed onto the sensor fluorophore inside the flowcell. University of Missouri Future directions • Real time detection • Centralized data based system • Modeling University of Missouri Acknowledgements • • • • • • • Xudong (Sherman) Fan Frank Feng Shubhra Gangopadhyay Kevin Gillis Mark Haidekker Susan Lever Darcy Lichlyter Graduate Students • Shantanu Bhattacharya • Rosalynn Manor • Mary Pierce (now employed by MRI) • Lisa Boettcher University of Missouri