Transcript Document

EMERGING ELECTRONIC IMAGING SYSTEMS
Nicholas George
[email protected]
February, 2002
ELECTRONIC IMAGING SYSTEMS, THE INSTITUTE OF OPTICS, ROCHESTER
RESEARCH PROJECTS AND GOALS
NICHOLAS GEORGE, PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
DOCTORAL SCHOLARS AS LISTED
RESEARCH TOPIC
NOVEL ASPECT / GOAL
PERSONNEL
ALL-DIGITAL ADAPTIVE
OPTICAL SYSTEM
A.
HORIZONTAL LINE-OF-SIGHT FOR IMAGING
THROUGH TURBULENCE, FOG, OR HAZE
THEORETICAL STUDIES: INFORMATION
PROCESSING
WANLI CHI
IMAGE RECOVERY
A.
FOURIER OPTICAL STUDY OF GRIN ARRAY
IMAGING
DISTANCE INVARIANT BLUR
XI CHEN
B.
B.
H. ROYCHOWDHURY
KEDAR KHARE
SPECKLE
A.
INTERFERENCE AT LOW LIGHT LEVELS AND
SCANNING
KEDAR KHARE
AOR
A.
B.
IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT
MATCHING THE PATHOLOGIST
WEIZHEN YAN
3-D OBJECT
PROFILING
A.
SMART CAMERA FOR AUTOMATIC
CONTOURING A SCENE, PORTABLE,
AFFORDABLE
CHRISTOPHER J.
DITCHMAN
EXOTIC HOLOGRAPHY
A.
B.
HOLOGRAPHY OF NON-RIGID OBJECTS
EXOTIC MULTI-SPECTRAL MULTILAYERS FOR
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
WADE COOK
DAMON DIEHL
WANLI CHI
SMART CAMERA FOR EXTENDED DEPTH-OF-FIELD NICHOLAS GEORGE
d
LOGARITHMIC
LENS*
CCD
DIGITAL
COMPUTER
DISPLAY
s
ALGORITHM
OBJECTIVE
APPROACH
EXTENDED DEPTH-OF-FIELD
SINGLE ELEMENT OPTICS
OSLO
USING INTEGRATED
IMAGING & PROCESSING
NONLINEAR DIGITAL RECOVERY
MAX ENTROPY
NOVEL LOGARITHMIC ASPHERE
* W. CHI and N. GEORGE, OPT. LETT. 26, 875 (2001).
March 2002
NOVEL LENS CONCEPT:
INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING SYSTEM
WANLI CHI
NICHOLAS GEORGE
DC
DISPLAY
OBJECTIVE
APPROACH/RESULT
ALL DIGITAL SIMULATION
EXTENDED DEPTH-OF-FIELD
FILTER IDEA
SIGNAL NOISE RATIO
EXTENDED FIELD OF VIEW
ACHROMATIC IMAGING
RESOLUTION
IMAGE QUALITY
WIDE APPLICATION AREA
OTHER
SINGLE USE CAMERA
DVD PICKUP
MICROSCOPE
DIGITAL VIDEO
March 2002
DIGITAL RECOVERY COMPARISON:
WANLI CHI
NICHOLAS GEORGE
MAX ENTROPY VS. INVERSE FILTER
THE PIXEL VALUES ALONG DIAGONAL DIRECTION
RECOVERY DATA ALONG THE YELLOW LINE
1.0
PIXEL VALUES
120
RED: MAXIMUMENTROPY RECOVERY
RED: MAX ENTROPY
RECOVERY
100
30
BLACK: INVERSEFILTER RECOVERY
(A)
20
0.5
BLACK: INVERSE FITLER
RECOVERY
10
YELLOW: BLURRED
IMAGE
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
PIXEL POSITION ALONG THE DIAGONAL DIRECTION
MAX ENTROPY
INVERSE FILTER
0.0
0
100
200
HIGH RESOLUTION, LOW NOISE
MAGNIFIED NOISE
March 2002
FOURIER OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF GRIN
ARRAY IMAGING
•
•
•
•
XI CHEN
NICHOLAS GEORGE
OBJECTIVES
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Fourier optical imaging theory
y1
 
O
Improve the depth of field
x1
(6)

(7)
d1
(1)
Analyze misalignment

z
d2
(2)
L
(3) (4)
(5)
GRIN LINEAR SYSTEM
Analyze and correct aberrations
APPROACH
•
THEORY
Fourier optics analysis coupled with
geometrical optics for both a single
GRIN rod and GRIN array
•
EXPERIMENT
Measure LSF, MTF and Fourier
transform pattern
RESULTS
• GRIN lens system is analyzed by Fourier optics
•
•
PSF for a single GRIN rod and the whole array
GRIN lens has Fourier transform planes (6;4)
March 2002
MEASUREMENT OF LSF AND MTF
• Knife edge as the object
• Production quality test (misalignment)
LSF
LSF
25
45
Intensity (relative)
40
lntensity (relative)
35
30
25
20
20
15
10
15
5
10
5
0
0
0
0
50
100
150
Distance (um)
200
250
50
100
150
200
300
Distance (um)
250
300
March 2002
SPECKLE IN SCANNING AND IMAGING SYSTEMS
CCD
OPTICS
KEDAR KHARE
NICHOLAS GEORGE
DIGITAL
COMPUTER
IMAGE
INTENSIFIER
OBJECTIVES
SPECIALITIES
APPLICATIONS
STUDY SPECKLE NOISE
IN IMAGES
WAVELENGTH
DEPENDENCE
LASER SCANNERS
& PRINTERS
UNDERSTAND SPECKLE
FORMATION FROM
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
OF PHOTONS
PHOTON COUNTING
REMOTE SENSING
OBJECT RECOGNITION
NIGHT VISION
ATMOSPHERIC
TURBULENCE
ULTRASOUND
March 2002
RECENT EXPERIMENTS
SYSTEM FOR
LOW LIGHT LEVEL
IMAGING
HIGH LIGHT LEVEL SPECKLE PATTERN
SPECKLE PATTERN WITH ~100 PHOTONS
March 2002
LIGHT SCATTERING AND PATTERN
RECOGNITION OF PATHOGENIC STRUCTURES
S
HOE
B
Weizhen Yan
Nicholas George
Computer
P
INTERFACE
COMPUTER
1 cm
F
OUTPUT
RECOGNITION
RWD TRENCH
BASED
OBJECTIVE
APPROACH/RESULT
WITH AN EMPHASIS ON AUTOMATIC
• RWD IS RECOGNIZED COUNTING TECHNIQUE
FOR SORTING PARTICLES WITH GREAT
ACCURACY
PATTERN RECOGNITION, THE OBJECTIVE IS
TO DEVISE AN INTEGRATED CHIP-SCALE
• TECHNIQUE PIONEERED BY US : OPTICS
LETTERS (1991)
SYSTEM FOR COUNTING AND CLASSIFYING
• SOFTWARE FOR HIGH DENSITY: 10,000 COUNTS
AND FOR LOW DENSITY: <10 PARTICLES
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS IN THE SIZE RANGE
• APPLY NEW ALGORITHM IN THE PATTERN
FROM 0.5 µm TO 100 µm.
RECOGNITION FIELD
March 2002
Weizhen Yan
LIGHT SCATTERING AND PATTERN
RECOGNITION OF PATHOGENIC STRUCTURES
DIFFRACTION PATTERN
Nicholas George
IMAGE
3rd ring
6 µm Polymer Sphere
S.cerevisiae
March 2002
Christopher Ditchman
Nicholas George
Rapid Precision Contouring of 3-D Objects
L/2
x20
q
 ach 
H
H
L
Structured Illumination Contouring
Approach
Measure
Achromatic
Explore
theoretical system resolution limits
Implement
sub-system improvement
L
Achromatic Phase Shifter (Pat. Appl.)
Objectives
the 3-dimensional surface profile of
an object using the projection of structured
illumination
4 x20
L
Phase Shifter (George and Stone, 1988)
Multiple
Wavelength Imaging
External
Laser Stabilization
Improved
Processing Algorithms
–Illumination / measurement
–Data processing
–Data display
March 2002
HOLOGRAPHY & VIBROMETRY OF NON-RIGID OBJECTS
Wade Cook
Nicholas George
March 2002
Holographic Interference Filters for IR:
Fabrication
Damon Diehl
Nicholas George
Transmission vs. Wavelength
zˆ
yˆ
Ei
Et
0
Er
...
n(z)
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
1200
z
Objective
Interference filters for use
communication wavelengths:
Transmission (dB)
xˆ
1300 1400 1500
Wavelength (nm)
1600
Approach
at
IR
Holographic exposure techniques utilizing
the following technologies:
•Reflection filters
•Photopolymer films
•Multi-band reflection filters
•Tunable dye laser
•Fabry-Perot transmission filters
•Precisely controlled exposure angles
March 2002
Holographic Interference Filters for IR:
Design Curves
-
Tunable
dye laser
beam
black glass
prism
Peak Wavelength of HIF vs. Exposure Angle
1700
Peak Wavelength (nm)
+
Damon Diehl
Nicholas George
EXPERIMENT
THEORY
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
-10° -8°
-6° -4° -2°
Exposure Angle
Objective
Design curves for a prism-coupled TIR
system relating the following features:
0°
Approach
Create computer models that use the
following techniques:
•Exposure angle to Peak wavelength
•Thin film decomposition
•Index modulation to Bandwidth
•Floquet-Bloch theory
•Thickness to Efficiency
•Finite difference, time domain
•Couple wave analysis
March 2002
ELECTRONIC IMAGING CHAIN
Institute of Optics, N. George, 2002