Transcript Cell Parts
Unit 1 Life On A Cellular Level Important Cellular Biologists and Their Discoveries • Robert Hooke first person to see cells in cork; named a cell a cell • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek developed the first light microscope; observed microorganisms in pond water • Mathias Schleidan stated that plants are made up of cells • Theodor Schwann stated that animals are made up of cells • Rudolph Virchow all cells come from other cells (life comes from life) • Robert Brown first to see a “dark spot” now called a nucleus Cell Theory • 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells. – An organism may be a single cell, such as an Amoeba or a bacterium. Larger organisms, such as humans, are composed of many cells. • 2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. – In the same way that the basic unit of matter is the atom, the basic unit of life is the cell. • 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells. Two types of cells: Prokaryotic 1) Prokaryotes (before nucleus) – Cells that do not have a nucleus – Carry out all life processes without a nucleus – Have Cell Wall!!! – Simple cells (unicellular) and are smaller than eukaryotes – Genetic material in Cytoplasm – 2 billion years older than euk. – Ex. Kingdom Monera Eukaryotic Cells (animal cells) 2) Eukaryotes (have nucleus) Cells that do have a nucleus More complex than prokaryotes 10 times larger than prok. Unicellular and multicellular Genetic material in nucleus Ex. all other kingdoms fungi, protozoa, plants, Them vs. Us –Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Animal Cells Centrioles Plant Cells Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus ER Golgi apparatus Lysosome Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Chloroplasts CELL CONCEPT MAP Procaryote and eucaryote- 2 types What do you know about the cells? Cel wall (plant cell) CELL Consists of Cell membrane Made up from cellulose, porous to micro- and macromolecules like sugar and starch The fluid mosaic hypothesis- the bilayer of phospholipid molecules with protein molecules in it / over the surface Microbodies contained in the cytoplasm, carrying out specific functions for the cell activities Basic unit of life. All organisms consists of cell Protoplasm Vacuole (plant cell ) of two parts Cytoplasm contains Nucleus Consists of Cell organelles Nucleoplasma Contains water, nutrients, mineral salts, waste (nitrogenous) substances Nuclear membrane contains Mitocondrion Generates energy for the cell Chloroplast (in green plant) Ribosome The site for protein synthesis Grana Contains chlorophyll Fluid medium, Chromatin (containing substances / nucleotides and chromosomes enzymes) Processing and Stroma Consists of packaging proteins/ Contains Rough ER Smooth ER other molecules to DNA Protein enzymes With No form cell secretions (histone) ribosomes ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi Body Cell Parts and Functions Cell Membrane Protects the cell Lets things in and out of the cell Location: around the cell Nucleus Control center Location: inside the cell, near the center Cell Parts and Functions Nucleolus (Nucleoli) Makes ribosomes Location: inside the nucleus (dark spot) Nuclear Membrane Protects nucleus Lets things in/out of nucleus (pores) Location: around nucleus cell Cell Parts and Functions Mitochondria Makes energy/powerhouse Location: in cytoplasm Golgi Bodies/Apparatus Packages and secretes (gets rid of) waste Location: in cytoplasm Mitochondria GOLGI APPARATUS Cell Parts and Functions Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Transports materials and sends messages to all parts of the cell Two types: smooth and rough (has ribosomes) Location: attaches from cell membrane to nuclear membrane Rough E.R. Cell Parts and Functions Ribosome Makes proteins Location: in cytoplasm or Attached to E.R. Vacuole Stores food and water Location: in cytoplasm Vacuole Cell Parts and Functions Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes Destroys bacteria, old cell parts… Location: in cytoplasm Centrioles Helps the cell to divide Location: in cytoplasm Cell Parts and Functions Cytoplasm Gel-like substances, holds all Organelles in cell Location: in cell Chromatin/Chromosomes Contains genetic information/traits Location: in nucleus Cell Parts and Functions Cilia Short hair-like projections Used for movement Location: outside of cell Flagella Long whip-like tail Used for movement Location: outside of cell FLAGELLA Cell Structures and Functions Chloroplast Traps suns energy and Makes food Location: in plant cells Cell Wall Cell Wall Protects and supports plant Cells Prevents water loss Cellulose Location: outer layer of plant cells CYTOSKELETON Function: Support structure of cell and transport materials/organelles throughout the cell. The highway of the cell. Made of Microtubules (thin hollow cylinders) and Microfilaments (thin solid cylinders) Location: Inside the cell CYTOSKELETON Cell Structures and Functions Plastids Stores extra food in Plant cells Location: in plant cell Plant vs. Animal Cell http://www.cellsalive.com/ Levels of Organization • Organs – many tissues • In a multicellular make up an organ organism: cell, tissues, organs, organ – Each tissue has a system, that make up specific function to an organism help an organ work • Tissue – main types of tissue – 1) muscle – 2) epithelial – 3) nerve – 4) connective • Organ System – – 10 organ system in the human body – Each level makes the division of labor among those cells possible for life of multicellular organisms A.DNA B.Enzymes C.Lysosomes D.Ribosomes A.Lysosomes B.Mitochondria C.Golgi bodies D.Centrioles A.Mitochondrion B.Ribosome C.Lysosome D.Golgi body