Transcript 1-2 Looking Inside Cells

1-2 Looking Inside Cells
Organelle-
A tiny cell structure that
carries out a specific function within
the cell (Tiny Organs)
Cell Wall
 A rigid layer of nonliving
material that surrounds the
cells of plants(not Animals)
 Protects and supports the cell
 Made of cellulose (Tough yet
flexible material)
Cell Membrane
 Controls which substances can enter or
leave a cell
 All cells have cell membranes
 In cells with cell walls, the membrane
lies just inside the cell wall. In all
others, it forms the outside boundary
that separates the cell from the outside
 Lets what the cell needs in, and what it
doesn’t want out, through openings
(pores)
Nucleus
 A structure that contains the
instructions that direct all the
cell’s activities
 Cell’s control center or “Brain”
Nuclear Membrane- protects the
nucleus
 Materials pass in and out through
pores
In the Nucleus
 Chromatin- Material in cells that
contains DNA and carries genetic
information
 Tiny strands floating in the nucleus
 Contain genetic information that
direct the functions of the cell
 Nucleolus- Where ribosomes are made
 Ribosomes are where protein is made
Parts of the Nucleus
Nuclear
Membrane
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm- The region
between the cell membrane
and the nucleus
 Cytoplasm is always moving
 Clear, thick, gel-like fluid
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
 Mitochondria- Produce most of the
energy needed to carry out the cell’s
functions
 Called the “powerhouses” of the cell
 Muscle cells have many of them
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) A maze of passageways in which proteins
and other materials are carried from one
part of the cell to another
 Ribosomes A small grain-like structure in the
cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are
made
 Also found attached to ER
 Protein Factories
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Golgi Bodies- Receives proteins and materials
from the ER, packages them, and
distributes them to other parts of
the cell
 The Cell’s Mailroom
 Also release materials outside the
cell
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts-
- Captures energy from
sunlight and uses it to
produce food
 ONLY IN PLANTS
 These give plants their green color
 Green due to Chlorophyll
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Vacuoles- Storage area of cells
 Most plants have a very large
water vacuole
Lysosome- Contain chemicals that break down
large food particles into smaller ones
 CLEAN UP CREW
 More common in animal cells
Bacterial Cells
 Very different from plant and
animal cells (much smaller)
 Have cell wall and cell membrane
 NO NUCLEUS
 Contain ribosomes, but no other
organelles found in plants or
animals
Specialized Cells
 Cells are very different
from each other
in size and structure
 Each cell is designed
to do it’s job in the
organism