Transcript Cells - Northwest ISD Moodle

CELLS
All
living
things
are
made
of
______.
cells
A cell is the building block of all life. It is the
smallest structure that can be classified as
living
_______.
small room
The word cell actually means ____________ in Latin.
It was coined by the scientist Robert Hooke in 1665
when he compared the plant cells he was looking at
to the small rooms that monks live in.
Robert
Hooke’s
Microscope
The most important compartment in a
nucleus
eukaryotic cell is the ________. The nucleus
has one job,DNA
and that is to store the ______.
nucleus
cytoplasm
Every cell is full of __________
which is a
water based solution of all of the molecules
needed for the chemistry of life.
inside
Membranes keep the correct molecules __________
of the cell or
organelle, and they keep other molecules __________outside
of the cell or
organelle. However, some small molecules that necessary for life can
squeeze through the lipid bilayer uncontrolled. These include the gases
oxygen
__________ and ________________ and one of the
most important
molecules
Carbon dioxide
for the cell: _________.
water
Cell membranes only allow some molecules
semi-permeable
through, so they are called _______________
membranes
The membrane’s job is to maintain a proper
________ balance
of molecules inside of the cell.
Maintaining this balance of molecules is
known as ____________. homeostasis
The process of water moving across a semiosmosis
permeable membrane is called _________.
Water moves across a cell membrane in a very predictable
pattern. It moves from where itpurest
is _________ to where it is
least pure
___________. This means it moves from where there are
fewer solutes dissolved across to the side of the membrane
where there are more solutes. You can think of the water
as moving to the side where water molecules need the most
help dissolving a large number of _________.
solutes
Water moves
into the cell.
Water moves
out of the cell.
It may sound like a good thing that water can travel across the
semi-permeable cell membrane without any help, but this can
also be a big problem.
1.If too much water enters a cell because of osmosis, the cell
can _______ to swell
a size that is too large and eventually it will
burst
_______.
2.If too much water leaves a cell because of osmosis, the cell
can ________ toshrink
a size that is too small.
diethe
Both of these situations will cause the cell to ______, so
movement of water is an important concern for all living
things.
The picture shows a cell model and the solutions
associated with it. For each of the following models,
decide which will occur:
1. Water will leave the cell causing it to shrink
2. Water will enter the cell causing it to swell
3. The water level is balanced and neither will occur
swell
shrink
neither
shrink
shrink
swell
When animals eat, they release the energy in their food
through the process
known
as __________________.
cellular
respiration
The energy removed from food during
cellular respiration is placed into the
energy rich molecule known as _______.
ATP
In eukaryotic cells the job of performing this energy
conversion belongs
to the _____________.
mitochondria
Cells which require a large amount of energy, including
heat, will have a large number of mitochondria.
Plant cells have special organelles known as ____________.
chloroplastsare the compartment or ___________ in plant
Chloroplasts
organelle
cells
that are responsible for the process of
________________. photosynthesis
Photo by Thomas Dreps
Chloroplasts are full of the molecule
chlorophyll This molecule is
____________.
absorbingmuch of
responsible for ____________
the energy that will be used to make the
chemical _________. glucose
Glucose
Chlorophyll
Chloro- means green.
Q: Why is the prefix chloro- used to name the chloroplasts
and the molecule chlorophyll inside of it?
Because chloroplasts and chlorophyll make the cell green!
A: ________________________________________________
Q: Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration considered opposites?
(Be very specific).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cellular respiration digests glucose while photosynthesis synthesizes it.
Cellular respiration uses oxygen and photosynthesis produces oxygen.
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and cellular respiration produces
carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis uses water and cellular respiration produces water.
Photosynthesis absorbs energy and cellular respiration releases energy.
cilia
flagella
Some cells have ______ or ________ for
movement. The ability to move around is
know as mobility or motility.
cilia
flagella
DNA
Replication
Daughter
Cell
Cytokinesis
Parent
Cell
Daughter
Cell
Mitosis
Eukaryotic cells replicate themselves through the
process known as ________.mitosis
The original cell is known
as the ________ cell, and parent
the new cells are known as
__________ cells.
daughter
DNA
Replication
Daughter
Cell
Cytokinesis
Parent
Cell
Daughter
Cell
Mitosis
Q: How do the daughter cells in the diagram above
compare to the original parent cell?
The daughter cells are identical to the parent cell.
A: ___________________________________________
Because of mitosis, every somatic cell in a multicellular
organism has an identical, complete set of DNA!
Prokaryotes (bacteria)
perform a process
similar to mitosis
known as
Binary fission
_____________.