Transcript Cells
CELLS cells All living things are made of ______. A cell is the building block of all life. It is the smallest structure that can be classified as _______. living small room in Latin. The word cell actually means ____________ It was coined by the scientist Robert Hooke in 1665 when he compared the plant cells he was looking at to the small rooms that monks live in. Robert Hooke’s Microscope The most important compartment in a nucleus eukaryotic cell is the ________. The nucleus has one job, and that is to store the ______. DNA nucleus cytoplasm which is a Every cell is full of __________ water based solution of all of the molecules needed for the chemistry of life. Membranes keep the correct molecules __________ inside of the cell or organelle, and they keep other molecules __________ outside of the cell or organelle. However, some small molecules that necessary for life can squeeze through the lipid bilayer uncontrolled. These include the gases carbon dioxide and one of the most important oxygen and ________________ __________ molecules for the cell: _________. water Cell membranes only allow some molecules semi-permeable through, so they are called _______________ membranes The membrane’s job is to maintain a proper ________ balance of molecules inside of the cell. Maintaining this balance of molecules is homeostasis known as ____________. The process of water moving across a semiosmosis permeable membrane is called _________. Water moves across a cell membrane in a very predictable purest to where it is pattern. It moves from where it is _________ least pure This means it moves from where there are ___________. fewer solutes dissolved across to the side of the membrane where there are more solutes. You can think of the water as moving to the side where water molecules need the most solutes help dissolving a large number of _________. Water moves into the cell. Water moves out of the cell. It may sound like a good thing that water can travel across the semi-permeable cell membrane without any help, but this can also be a big problem. 1.If too much water enters a cell because of osmosis, the cell swell to a size that is too large and eventually it will can _______ burst _______. 2.If too much water leaves a cell because of osmosis, the cell shrink to a size that is too small. can ________ die so the Both of these situations will cause the cell to ______, movement of water is an important concern for all living things. The picture shows a cell model and the solutions associated with it. For each of the following models, decide which will occur: 1. Water will leave the cell causing it to shrink 2. Water will enter the cell causing it to swell 3. The water level is balanced and neither will occur swell shrink neither shrink shrink swell When animals eat, they release the energy in their food through the process known as __________________. cellular respiration The energy removed from food during cellular respiration is placed into the energy rich molecule known as _______. ATP In eukaryotic cells the job of performing this energy mitochondria conversion belongs to the _____________. Cells which require a large amount of energy, including heat, will have a large number of mitochondria. chloroplasts Plant cells have special organelles known as ____________. Chloroplasts are the compartment or ___________ organelle in plant cells that are responsible for the process of photosynthesis ________________. Photo by Thomas Dreps Chloroplasts are full of the molecule chlorophyll This molecule is ____________. absorbing much of responsible for ____________ the energy that will be used to make the glucose chemical _________. Glucose Chlorophyll Chloro- means green. Q: Why is the prefix chloro- used to name the chloroplasts and the molecule chlorophyll inside of it? Because chloroplasts and chlorophyll make the cell green! A: ________________________________________________ Q: Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration considered opposites? (Be very specific). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cellular respiration digests glucose while photosynthesis synthesizes it. Cellular respiration uses oxygen and photosynthesis produces oxygen. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis uses water and cellular respiration produces water. Photosynthesis absorbs energy and cellular respiration releases energy. They are complete opposites! Some cells have ______ cilia or ________ flagella for movement. The ability to move around is know as mobility or motility. cilia flagella DNA Replication Daughter Cell Cytokinesis Parent Cell Daughter Cell Mitosis Eukaryotic cells replicate themselves through the process known as ________. mitosis The original cell is known parent cell, and the new cells are known as as the ________ __________ daughter cells. DNA Replication Daughter Cell Cytokinesis Parent Cell Daughter Cell Mitosis Q: How do the daughter cells in the diagram above compare to the original parent cell? The daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. A: ___________________________________________ Because of mitosis, every somatic cell in a multicellular organism has an identical, complete set of DNA! Prokaryotes (bacteria) perform a process similar to mitosis known as binary fission _____________.