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Minerals
are about….
Learning charcteristics to identify
Characteristics
Naturally
occurring
inorganic
Chemical
composition
solid
How do they form?
From magma crystallization
Groups
Native
elements
Sulfides
Sulfates
aka
From precipitation out of solution
How do we group them?
Carbonates
Silicates
Most abundant
Contains silicon
and oxygen
Crystal
structure
aka
Oxides
Fizzes with acid
test releasing CO2
Bright colors
Common metal
ores
Oxygen bonded
to metal
Identification
Luster:
metallic or
nonmetallic
observed
without
touching
Uses
s
Toothpaste
Mining ores
for metal
Fracture:
breaks
jagged
Cleavage:
breaks flat
Streak:
color on
porcelain
plate
So what is
most
important?
Hardness:
Moh’s Scale
1(soft) to
10 (Hard)
Special:
Taste: Halite
Smell: Sulfur
Magnetism:
Magnetite
Acid: calcite
Identification
methods
Word
mineral
Silicates
streak
luster
Crystal form
hardness
Mohs
Scale
cleavage
Fracture
Double
refraction
(pg54)
Gemstone
(pg56)
Inorganic
(pg45)
Book Definition
Reminder
Classifying Igneous Rock
Is about…
How they form and what is in them
Surface
Extrusive
Fast, rapidly
Small: glassy, fine
grained
Texture
Classification
Type
Cooling Rate
Crystal Size
Underground
Intrusive
slowly
Large: coarse grained
Composition
Classification
Felsic
Intermediate
mafic
ultramafic
Light colored, high in silica, Granite, Rhyolite
Mix of color or gray, medium density, Andesite, Diorite
Dark colored, low silica, high Fe and Mg, High density,
Basalt, Gabbro
Greenish color, very high in Fe and Mg
Critical Question: How does cooling rate affect the classification of
igneous rock?
Word
Pumice
(74)
Obsidian
(74)
Andesitic
Composition
Basaltic
Composition
Granitic
Composition
Composition
(72)
Porphyritic
Texture (72)
CoarseGrained (72)
Finegrained (72)
texture
Intrusive
igneous rock
Extrusive
Igneous Rock
magma
Book Definition
Reminder
Word
Clastic
sedimentary rock
erosion
Chemical
sedimentary
rock
Biochemical
sedimentary
rock
compaction
Cementation
deposition
Lithofication (76)
Strata (78)
fossil
Conglomerate
(79)
Book Definition
Reminder
Sedimentary Rocks
Formation and classification
Types
Formation
chemical
Organic
(biochemical)
Clastic
From solution
From skeletons
or shells
Pieces of other
rocks
Classification
Chemical
composition
Examples
Rock salt
Rock Gypsum
Coal
limestone
Sandstone
Conglomerate
Shale
Environments
Caves or ancient
oceans
Ancient swamps
or beaches
Rivers or beaches
or deserts
Types of fossils in Size and shape of
it
grains
Steps to Lithification
1.
weathering
2.erosion
3. Deposit
sediments
4.compactio 5.cementati
n
on
Sedimentary Deposits
Strata
So what is most important
to remember about
sedimentary rocks?
Deltas
glaciers (unsorted)
Formation
Word
Hydrothermal
solution
Parent
rock (80)
Contact
metamorphis
m
Regional
metamorphism
Foliated
Metamorphic
Rock
Nonfoliated
Metamorphic
Rock
metamorphism
Confining
pressure (82)
Directed Pressure
(78)
Extend
Book Definition
Reminder
Metamorphic Rock
Is about…
how rocks change
Metamorphism
___________________
Types
Where it occurs
regional
mountains (large
areas)
Pressure (direct)
contact
Near magma
heat
hydrothermal
Underwater near
volcanoes
heat
nonfoliated
Texture Types
*marble from
limestone
*quartzite from
sandstone
So what do we need to
know?
Texture
What causes it?
foliated
Slate form shale
phyllite
schist
Gneiss from Granite
Extend: Write 3 Metamorphic Rocks and
their parent rocks on the back.