Transcript Rocks and Minerals

Rocks and
Minerals
Vocabulary
Part 2
Sedimentary Rock
• Definition: formed by weathering causing
sediments to build up in layers
• Usually found where there used to be a
river, lake, ocean, sea, etc.
• p. 242
Notice the striping that goes
across the rocks, that is formed
by layers be set down in an
ocean.
Fossil
• Definition: records of past life on earth
• May be an imprint (mold), a bone, or the
remains of something (cast)
• p. 244
Mold
• Definition: a hollow
space in a rock with the
shape of an animal or
plant
• This is like when you
make an imprint of your
hand in clay or plaster
• Most often found in
sedimentary rock
Cast
• Definition: hard sediments in the form of
an animal or plant
• This is what happens when the animal or
plant materials are replaced by minerals
(all dinosaur bones)
Conglomerate
• Definition: sedimentary rocks made of
small pebbles and dirt
• Think of pulling up a piece of concrete –
with big stones and small pebbles and the
tiny pieces that pull it all together
• Miss Veach has a good example, if you
come ask nicely to see it – sorry, I couldn’t
find a good picture.
Erosion
• Definition: the process of soil being
washed away (by water)
• Related word: Weathering, the process of
soil being blown away
• p. 264-266
Weathering
Erosion
Crystal
• Definition: a pattern of atoms repeated so
many times it becomes large enough to be
seen
Water crystals
Diamond crystal
Igneous Rock
• Definition: formed when hot liquid rock
cools
• p. 246
Lava
• Definition: magma or hot liquid rock that
pours out of a volcano
Magma
• Definition: hot liquid rock found in the core
of the earth
• You can’t see a picture of it because once
it comes out of the earth (where we could
take a picture) it is called lava!
Volcano
• Definition: an opening in the Earth where
magma comes onto the Earth’s surface
(crust)
• p. 270
Iceland
Metamorphic Rock
• Definition: formed by heat and pressure
• Starts as Igneous or Sedimentary rock that
is changed by heat and/or pressure
• p. 248
When granite is put under heat
and pressure it becomes gneiss –
the wavy part shows the pressure
it was under.
Rock Cycle
p. 248-249
extreme heat
heat and pressure
Sedimentary Rock
Igneous Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Magma